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• W2316656753 abstract "I. INTRODUCTIONThe international criminal justice system assumes the classical school approach to crime. It assumes that every human being has free will and is by nature hedonistic. Thus, punishment in this classicist approach demands that the offender suffers proportional punishment for the crime she or he has committed. This is the basic philosophical foundation on plea bargaining. Plea bargaining is a principle that is based on a market rationality theory. This theory embraces a laissez-faire ideology that emphasizes on enhancing personal autonomy. According to this theory, bargaining between a defendant and prosecutorial authorities is valuable because both sides consider themselves better off as a result of the transaction. For a prosecutor, a plea bargain enables him or her to obtain the maximum of deterrence with the minimum expenditure of scarce resources. For the defendant, he or she learns her or his fate early enough and embraces it. The defendant, it is assumed, is better off in this process because he or she is able to evaluate the risk of conviction; he or she can obtain a lesser sentence or conviction on lesser charges. Plea bargaining is therefore defined as an agreement made between the prosecuting attorney and the defendant, through his or her attorney which stipulates that the defendant will plead guilty to or not contest a fixed number of criminal charges in exchange for some sort of reduction in the number and/or seriousness of the original charges (Emmelman, 1996, p. 338).However, plea bargaining may serve other purposes. For example it has been argued, plea bargaining serves a symbolic function, a normative endeavor, which is a joint assessment of the incident, actions and character of the accused. It is an attempt made by the defendant to secure a reduced charge or guarantee sentence in exchange for his or her guilty plea (Feeley, 1979, p.463).This classical school approach to plea bargaining in international criminal trials is the issue central to this essay. The effects of mass atrocity crimes have far more complicated realities than what the assumptions of plea bargaining in the classical school approach to crime may put forth. These complicated realities center on the victim(s) and society in general. As I have written elsewhere, individuals who commit mass atrocity crimes may not be necessarily rational and hedonistic. Case studies have shown that some perpetrators may be driven by economic and political factors, sociological aspects of power, psychological factors, and/or sociological factors in committing these crimes.1 Therefore, disposing defendants using plea bargaining may not achieve the classical school of thought approach to crime and may not be fair, ironically to the perpetrators and victims of mass atrocity crimes. It may be argued that plea bargaining in the international criminal justice system is more of a utilitarian objective, which presupposes a market-oriented approach in punishment.Fairness has been used to refer to the ability to make judgments that are not overly general but which are concrete and specific to a particular case. The question regarding the fairness of plea bargaining in the international criminal justice system arises because it involves persons who have no authority over one another, at least at the initial point in the criminal proceedings because of the doctrine of presumption of innocence since the prosecutor and defendant(s) engage in a joint activity of settling a case, which defines and determines the benefits and burden shared (Rawls, 1958). Thus, plea bargaining should be considered fair if none of the parties involved feel that by participating no party has been taken advantage of, or forced to give in claims which they do not regard as legitimate (Ibid). Cesare Beccaria in his famous treatise On Crimes and Punishment observes what should be the justification of punishment. He states that punishment should not be harsh, but must be inevitable. …" @default.
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• W2316656753 date "2015-07-01" @default.
• W2316656753 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2316656753 title "Is It Pragmatism or an Injustice to Victims? the Use of Plea Bargaining in the International Criminal Court" @default.
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