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- W2317386477 abstract "The degree of social facilitation involved in the aerial-breathing behavior of young gars was studied. Data indicated that, within a group of two con- specifically grouped gar, 74.4% of the time a rise in one would induce a rise in the other. Conversely, within a group of four longnose gar, only 15.6% of the time did an initial rise not induce rises in one or more companions. The mean time for an imitative rise by a gar, following the previous rise, whether imitative or non- imitative, was sufficiently close to the mean time for a non-imitative rise to indicate the importance of a physiological respiratory threshold being reached before a rise in one gar would induce an imitative one in another. Within a group of three hetero- specifically grouped gar, only 6.9% of the time did an initial rise induce rises in its heterospecific companions. In all experiments, the percentage of induced rises decreased as the number of gar rising at one time increased. Success was obtained in inducing rises with a gar model manipulated so as to simulate the normal rise of these fish. Gars (Lepisosteidae) possess swimbladders containing considerable alveolar tissue and vascularization. These fishes periodically rise to the surface to breathe atmospheric oxygen. Observations of Lepisosteus surfacing and gulping air are frequently mentioned in the literature (Poey, 1855; Agassiz, 1859, 1879; Wilder, 1876, 1877; Mark, 1890; Morris, 1892; Potter, 1927; Suttkus, 1963), although little is known of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing this behavior. Investigations with Lepisosteus indicate that these fishes can live in deoxygenated-water, if capable of aerial respiration, but soon die under such conditions if denied access to the surface (Potter, 1927). Conversely, Potter found that gar, not allowed to reach the surface, could live for several days if they were maintained in well-oxygenated water. Other investigations suggest that some species of aerial-breath- ing fishes cannot survive by aquatic respiration alone, even in well- oxygenated water (Fullerton, 1931). The aerial-breathing behavior of gars is an adaptation which sup- plements aquatic respiration. This behavior undoubtedly is influenced by the physiological needs of the species as expressed by the environ-" @default.
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- W2317386477 date "1972-02-18" @default.
- W2317386477 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2317386477 title "Social Aspects of Aerial Respiration of Young Gars (Lepisosteus)" @default.
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- W2317386477 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3670060" @default.
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