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- W2318089991 abstract "During the late 1800s and early 1900s, improvements in groundwater-pumping equipment significantly changed the lives of western farmers. These improvements also contributed to a higher standard of living and growth of the agricultural economy of the western United States. Without groundwater irrigation, agriculture was at the mercy of the seasons. Using groundwater, farmers had less to fear from droughts and seasonal variations in surface water. Better groundwater-pumping equipment also enabled farmers to increase the amount of land they could farm, increasing their profits. The invention of self-regulating windmills and other pumping machines revolutionized farming, especially in arid areas of the Western United States. The wind-powered devices, which pumped at limited and uneven rates, eventually gave way to pumps powered by carbon-based fuels. In the late 1800s, rapid improvements in mechanical devices led to more efficient oil- and gasoline-powered equipment that could lift and distribute ever-greater quantities of groundwater from greater depths to irrigate more acreage. An oil- or gasoline-powered pump could be left unattended for hours, enabling a farmer to oversee more acreage. The development of line-shaft turbine pumps and right-angle gear drives further advanced the use of deep groundwater for irrigation. By the early 1940s, over 20 million acres of land in the United States was under irrigation. One result of improvements in groundwater pumping equipment was that large irrigated farms could take advantage of improvements in modernization and large scale agricultural practices." @default.
- W2318089991 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2318089991 date "2003-06-18" @default.
- W2318089991 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2318089991 title "Historical Improvements in Groundwater-Pumping Equipment and Effects on Farming in the United States" @default.
- W2318089991 doi "https://doi.org/10.1061/40683(2003)15" @default.
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