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- W2318497019 endingPage "S259" @default.
- W2318497019 startingPage "S237" @default.
- W2318497019 abstract "The essential nucleus of beta-lactam antibiotics is the four-membered ring, which can exist fused to form bicyclic ring structures or with moieties alone affixed to the four atoms. Penicillins, penems, carbapenems, and clavams have asymmetric centers at C-5 and C-6; cephalosporins and oxacephems have asymmetric centers at C-6 and C-7. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams require a beta-acylamino group for antimicrobial activity. Cephalosporins can undergo modification at C-3 and C-7 in both the alpha and beta position. Sulfur can be replaced with oxygen to achieve a more reactive nucleus. The most useful 7-beta-acylamino groups have been a 2-aminothiazolyl and an iminomethoxy or carboxypropyl group. Substitutions on the 7-alpha position increase beta-lactamase stability but decrease activity against staphylococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae. C-3 substitutions, particularly pyridinium groups, increase activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Carbapenems possess 6-alkyl substitutions in a trans configuration and inhibit aerobic, anaerobic gram-positive, and gram-negative bacteria. Monobactams are activated by sulfonic, phosphoric, or carboxyl groups, and their properties are related to the C-3-acyl side chain and their beta-lactamase stability to the C-4 grouping. beta-Lactamase inhibitors acylated by beta-lactamases can be penicillanic acid derivatives or clavulanates." @default.
- W2318497019 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2318497019 creator A5065663137 @default.
- W2318497019 date "1986-07-01" @default.
- W2318497019 modified "2023-10-04" @default.
- W2318497019 title "β-Lactam Antibiotics: Structural Relationships Affecting in Vitro Activity and Pharmacologic Properties" @default.
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- W2318497019 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/8.supplement_3.s237" @default.
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