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- W2318561108 abstract "The applicability of ionic liquids to the polymorphic design of the active pharmaceutical ingredient adefovir dipivoxil (AD) was investigated in the case of antisolvent crystallization. When using 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (AEImBF4) as the solvent and 1-butyl-2,3dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BDMImBF4) as the antisolvent (AEImBF4/BDMImBF4), a new form (NF) of AD crystal was obtained at a crystallization temperature below 50 °C and initial solute concentration of 25.6 mg/mL. However, when using 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/1,3-diallylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (AEImBF4/AAImBF4) and 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate (AEImBF4/EMImEtSO4), the conventional form-I polymorph was directly crystallized. No crystallization occurred in the ionic solutions of 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide (AEImBF4/AEImBr) and 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/1,3-diallylimidazolium bromide (AEImBF4/AAImBr). According to a spectroscopic analysis, the polymorphs were predominantly determined by the preorientation of the solute molecules in the ionic liquid solution (AEImBF4/BDMImBF4), and this preorientation varied according to the crystallization temperature. Thus, the pure form-X polymorph was nucleated at a crystallization temperature above 80 °C. Plus, the polymorphic nucleation depending on the crystallization temperature was also combined with the crystallization concentration. Thus, the minimum crystallization temperature for the nucleation of the pure form-X polymorph was reduced to 40 °C when decreasing the crystallization concentration to 15 mg/mL. The relationship between the polymorphic nucleation and the crystallization conditions was effectively predicted by a polymorphic supersaturation level diagram (SNF–Sform-X diagram), where the formation of the metastable polymorph (NF crystals) was favored at a high supersaturation level (SNF > 2.1), while the stable polymorph (form-X crystals) was preferentially nucleated at a low supersaturation level (SNF < 1.6). Differental scanning calorimetry thermal analysis confirmed that the NF polymorph was the metastable phase and the form-X polymorph was the stable phase, and there was a monotropic relationship between the two polymorphs." @default.
- W2318561108 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2318561108 date "2012-12-13" @default.
- W2318561108 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2318561108 title "Antisolvent Crystallization Using Ionic Liquids As Solvent and Antisolvent for Polymorphic Design of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient" @default.
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- W2318561108 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/cg300730w" @default.
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