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- W2318729162 abstract "The Hückel equation used in this study to correlate the experimental activities of dilute solutions of silver nitrate, alkali metal fluorides, and sodium and potassium salts with dihydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen arsenate, and thiocyanate ions up to a molality of about 1.5 mol·kg−1 contains two parameters being dependent on the electrolyte: B [that is related closely to the ion-size parameter (a*) in the Debye−Hückel equation] and b1 (this parameter is the coefficient of the linear term with respect to the molality, and this coefficient is related to hydration numbers of the ions of the electrolyte). In more concentrated solutions of these electrolytes and of alkali metal nitrites in the best case up to a molality of 10 mol·kg−1, an extended Hückel equation was used; it contains additionally a quadratic term with respect to the molality, and the coefficient of this term is the parameter b2. All parameter values for the Hückel equations of AgNO3 solutions were determined from the isopiestic data measured by Robinson and Tait for solutions of this salt against KCl solutions (Trans. Faraday Soc.1941, 37, 569−570). All Hückel parameters for NaSCN and KSCN, those for NaF and KF, and those for RbF and CsF solutions were determined from the isopiestic data of Robinson (J. Am. Chem. Soc.1940, 62, 3131−3132), Robinson (J. Am. Chem. Soc.1941, 63, 628−629), and Ti Tien (J. Phys. Chem.1963, 67, 532−533), respectively, where these salt solutions were measured against KCl solutions. All Hückel parameters for KH2PO4, KH2AsO4, and NaH2AsO4 solutions were determined from the data of Scatchard and Breckenridge (J. Phys. Chem.1954, 58, 596−602) where these salts were measured against NaCl. Also the parameters for the Hückel equation of NaH2PO4 were determined from these data, but the parameters of the extended Hückel equation for this salt were obtained from the data of Stokes (Trans. Faraday Soc.1945, 41, 685−688) against KCl. The Hückel parameters for concentrated NaNO2 and KNO2 solutions and for concentrated LiNO2, RbNO2, and CsNO2 solutions were determined from the osmotic coefficients reported by Chekhunova and Protsenko (Russ. J. Phys. Chem.1967, 41, 1220−1221) and by Chekhunova et al. (Russ. J. Phys. Chem.1969, 43, 1158−1161), respectively. The osmotic coefficients for nitrite solutions were based on direct vapor pressure measurements. In the estimations from the isopiestic data, the Hückel parameters determined recently for NaCl and KCl solutions (J. Chem. Eng. Data2009, 54, 208−219) were used. The resulting parameter values were tested with the vapor pressure and isopiestic data existing in the literature for the solutions of these salts. Most of these data support well the recommended Hückel parameters at least up to a molality of 3.0 mol·kg−1 for all salt solutions considered. Reliable activity and osmotic coefficients for solutions of these electrolytes can, therefore, be calculated by using the new Hückel equations, and they have been tabulated at rounded molalities. The activity and osmotic coefficients obtained from these equations were compared to the values suggested by Robinson and Stokes (Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd ed.; Butterworths Scientific Publications: London, 1959), to those calculated by using the Pitzer equations (Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2000; pp 100−101), and to those calculated by using the extended Hückel equations of Hamer and Wu (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data1972, 1, 1047−1099). The recommended values for alkali metal nitrites were compared to those obtained by the extended Hückel equations of Staples (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data1981, 10, 765−777)." @default.
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- W2318729162 date "2011-05-12" @default.
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- W2318729162 title "Re-evaluation of the Thermodynamic Activity Quantities in Aqueous Solutions of Silver Nitrate, Alkali Metal Fluorides and Nitrites, and Dihydrogen Phosphate, Dihydrogen Arsenate, and Thiocyanate Salts with Sodium and Potassium Ions at 25 °C" @default.
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- W2318729162 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/je101042x" @default.
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