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• W2319510147 abstract "GSSL has been developing a three-dimensionally reinforced (3DR) membrane technology including two separate Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase II efforts. One program is focused on a robust terrestrial balloon application for NOAA, while the other examines the potential for meeting the extremely low areal density requirements of a NASA Mars balloon mission. Both efforts concentrate on providing the required membrane strengths at lower areal densities than current baselines. This is accomplished by creating custom reinforced film laminates using strategically placed fibers and innovative seaming techniques. Improvements in the areal density to strength ratio have been demonstrated. Processing and QA methods have been refined from the prototype level to the production level. BACKGROUND 10 m MABVAP balloon, fabricated by GSSL, being tested in chamber at NASA Glenn Traditionally, space inflatables and deployables are constructed by joining a series of specially shaped flat gores to approximate the desired threedimensional shape. With standard gore construction, the most severe localized load determines the material’s areal density. Improving the fidelity of the shape and the resultant localized loads, requires additional gores and seams. Seams form structural discontinuities, affect reliability, and significantly impact weight and cost. Although a wide variety of materials and sealing / joining equipment may be applied, almost all inflatable and deployable membrane fabrication methods involve joining specially shaped flat gores to form the desired three-dimensional shape. A hot wheel sealer is typically used to join Mylar film gores in a heat-activated adhesive bi-taped seam. This seam has been used on several thousands of polyester superpressure balloons including some preliminary seam samples evaluated for NASA's Ultra Long Duration Balloon (ULDB) program. The bi-taped _________________________________ * Member, Engineering Manager † Member, President Figure 1: Mylar Balloon with Bi-Taped Seams seam provides a well-proven configuration. Load patches or doublers may be applied to specific load attachment points and end fittings, but for the most part the gores are constructed from a relatively uniform material. If used, fiber reinforcement usually takes the form of either a fabric or a scrim laminated to the entire gore material or individual load tapes that run along the gore seams connecting the top and bottom end fittings. In either case, the most severe localized load determines the areal density of the gore material. Providing an adequate safety factor for this localized load dictates that the gore is considerably heavier than is necessary everywhere else. Recent work has utilized a “pumpkin balloon” design where separate load bearing tendons relieve the gore material from the majority of the load. Three dimensionally reinforced (3DR) membrane technology is a new design and fabrication system that offers superpressure balloon designs with lower 1 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIAA's 3rd Annual Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Tech 17 19 November 2003, Denver, Colorado AIAA 2003-6787 Copyright © 2003 by GSSL, Inc. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. areal density and better structural properties. 3DR provides locally reinforced materials to optimize strength to weight; innovative gore fabrication and joining techniques to produce almost seamless structures; envelopes designed to efficiently handle multiple loading conditions including deployment and inflation; and adaptability to a wide range of innovative designs and shapes. 3DR represents a revolutionary new fabrication technique that can be used with a wide array of films and fibers including all potential candidates for the Aerobot and terrestrial missions. The 3DR SBIR developments have utilized two different reference baselines: NASA-JPL’s Mars Aerobot Validation Program (MABVAP) for planetary exploration efforts and NOAA’s Global Atmosphereocean IN-situ observing System (GAINS) for terrestrial efforts. The potential 3DR improvements for the planetary case are illustrated in Table 1. For this example the system design consists of a 10m ∅ sphere with a float payload of 1.5 Kg, and a deployment payload of 20 Kg (see Figure 1). Table 1: 3DR Balloon Properties" @default.
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• W2319510147 date "2003-06-21" @default.
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• W2319510147 title "Superpressure Balloon Performance Improvements Using 3DR Technology" @default.
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• W2319510147 doi "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-6787" @default.
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