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• W2320011971 abstract "A new paradigm has emerged in recent years characterizing transcription initiation as a bidirectional process encompassing a larger proportion of the genome than previously thought. Past concepts of coding genes thinly scattered among a vast background of transcriptionally inert noncoding DNA have been abandoned. A richer picture has taken shape, integrating transcription of coding genes, enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), and various other noncoding transcriptional events. In this review we give an overview of recent studies detailing the mechanisms of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II)-based transcriptional initiation and discuss the ways in which transcriptional direction is established as well as its functional implications. A new paradigm has emerged in recent years characterizing transcription initiation as a bidirectional process encompassing a larger proportion of the genome than previously thought. Past concepts of coding genes thinly scattered among a vast background of transcriptionally inert noncoding DNA have been abandoned. A richer picture has taken shape, integrating transcription of coding genes, enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), and various other noncoding transcriptional events. In this review we give an overview of recent studies detailing the mechanisms of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II)-based transcriptional initiation and discuss the ways in which transcriptional direction is established as well as its functional implications. Most core promoters are bidirectionally competent with respect to initiation. Promoters and enhancers share common features that are conducive to transcriptional initiation. Transcriptional directionality is determined in an additive and hierarchical way. Noncoding transcription can alter coding transcription levels both by spreading specific chromatin modifications and by producing functional RNAs. Most core promoters are bidirectionally competent with respect to initiation. Promoters and enhancers share common features that are conducive to transcriptional initiation. Transcriptional directionality is determined in an additive and hierarchical way. Noncoding transcription can alter coding transcription levels both by spreading specific chromatin modifications and by producing functional RNAs. the first nucleosome that appears within the DNA encoding a transcript, appearing immediately downstream of the gene's NDR. the first nucleosome that appears upstream of a gene's NDR. transcription emanating outward from a single core promoter region in opposite directions. transcription originating from opposite strands of DNA with the direction of transcription converging. DNA sequence, generally found within a NDR, with the ability to independently initiate transcription. DNA sequence located within a promoter region that regulates transcriptional output. transcription emanating outward from two separate core promoter regions in opposing directions. RNA that is usually bidirectionally transcribed from intergenic regions that act as enhancers. histone variant that can replace the canonical H2A histone within nucleosomes and is associated with sites of transcriptional initiation. stable noncoding RNAs that are produced either upstream of coding genes or from other intergenic initiation sites. Many have been shown to have structural or regulatory functions. area of the genome associated with the presence of a TSS that is depleted for nucleosomes in the middle and typically has strongly positioned nucleosomes on either side. regulatory region of DNA occurring upstream of a transcript and comprising a core promoter and core promoter elements; required for the proper regulation of gene expression. noncoding transcripts originating from within a promoter region." @default.
• W2320011971 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2320011971 creator A5014470919 @default.
• W2320011971 creator A5071830294 @default.
• W2320011971 date "2016-06-01" @default.
• W2320011971 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W2320011971 title "The Determinants of Directionality in Transcriptional Initiation" @default.
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