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• W2320583228 abstract "Chromosomal polymorphism, in the form of simultaneous occurrence of two or more inversion types, is a widespread phenomenon in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Dobzhansky and co-workers have carried out extensive field and laboratory studies on various local populations of this species. At Pifion Flats on Mount San Jacinto in California, two common gene arrangements in the third chromosome, Standard (ST) and Chiricahua (CH), exhibit seasonal cycles. CH increases at the expense of ST in spring, and the reverse trend occurs during summer (Dobzhansky, 1943), suggesting that in nature these karyotypes are subject to selection pressures. In the laboratory, population cage experiments carried out on flies of Pifion Flats extraction showed that different initial proportions of ST and CH inversion types approached a characteristic equilibrium frequency of about 75% ST and 25% CH at 25? C. (Wright and Dobzhansky, 1946; Dobzhansky, 1947; Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky, 1953). At 16.5? C. no significant change from the initial frequency was observed. The occurrence of a characteristic equilibrium at 250 C., rather than elimination of one of the two chromosomal types, indicates that the structural heterozygote ST/CH has an overall adaptive advantage over both homozygotes, ST/ST and CH/CH, under the conditions of the experiment. From the most recent experimental data, adaptive values have been calculated at ST/ CH 1.00, CH/CH = 0.413, and ST/ ST 0.895 (Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky, 1953). Some attempts to discover the physiological properties of the flies which may be responsible for these differences in adaptive values have been reported (Heuts, 1947 and 1948; Levine, 1952). Heuts found a differential longevity at 0 to 40 C. and at 28 to 300 C. Levine compared CH/CH, ST/ST, and ST/CH flies with regard to the effects of temperature and relative humidity on developmental and adult stages. It should be noted that in Levine's work efforts were made to raise the experimental material under optimal conditions in all cases. With his technique, no differences in the performance of egg or larval stages were observed. At some temperatures and relative humidities, differences were found in pupal viability and in the ability of adults to survive starvation. In every case of demonstrated difference, CH/CH proved least viable with ST/ST either equal or superior to ST/CH. No evidence for any superiority of the heterozygote was found. The work reported here is an attempt to discover some of the reasons for the overall adaptive advantage of the ST/CH heterozygotes by making physiological comparisons among the three karyotypes. A deliberate attempt was made to raise the experimental material under conditions more nearly approximating those in the crowded population cages. With limited environmental resources, the amount 1 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University. 2 Part of this study was conducted during the tenure of a fellowship from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service." @default.
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• W2320583228 date "1955-06-01" @default.
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• W2320583228 title "COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF SOME CHROMOSOMAL TYPES IN<i>DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA</i>" @default.
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• W2320583228 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1955.tb01527.x" @default.
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