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• W2321349478 abstract "The location of Arg-Phe-amide (RFamide)-like peptides in dense-cored vesicles in neurons of the planula larva of the marine hydrozoan Pennaria tiarella was shown using immunogold electron microscopy. Expression of the peptide was detected as early as 16 h after fertilization. Gold-labeled dense-cored vesicles ranging from 80 nm to 140 nm in diameter were found in both cell bodies and neurites of ganglion cells (non-ciliated bipolar and multipolar neurons found at the base of the ectoderm just above the mesoglea) located in the aboral (anterior) and middle regions of the planulae. Within the neurites, the labeled dense-cored vesicles were found in distinct clusters all along their lengths in close association with the cell membranes, a distribution which suggests that release of the peptide in planulae probably does not occur at specialized synaptic sites. Labeled cells also contained unlabeled dense-cored vesicles, unlabeled clear vesicles (60 nm to 100 nm in diameter), and unlabeled electron-dense droplets (100 nm to 240 nm in diameter). Localization of RFamide peptides to dense-cored vesicles of specific neurons in early planulae is significant because of growing evidence on the role of these substances in morphogenesis. Additional key words: neuropeptide, neural development, hydrozoans, Pennaria tiarella Peptides structurally related to the neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide) are abundant in the nervous systems of cnidarians (Grimmelikhuijzen 1984; Grimmelikhuijzen & Graff 1985; Grimmelikhuijzen et al. 1992; Martin 1992; Westfall & Grimmelikhuijzen 1993). When antiserum to FMRFamide or its carboxyterminal fragment RFamide is applied to cnidarians, subsets of nerve cells are identified (Grimmelikhuijzen 1984). The exact subcellular location of these immunoreactive substances within neurons has been shown only in adults of a few species of cnidarians. In the freshwater hydrozoan Hydra littoralis, RFamide was found in dense-cored vesicles in both neurites and nerve terminals (Koizumi et al. 1989); in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima, RFamide activity was seen in four different types of neuronal vesicles (opaque vesicles, heterogranular vesicles, dense-cored vesicles, and light-cored vesicles) in the tentacle plexus (Westfall & Grimmelikhuijzen 1993); and in the hydromedusa Aglantha digitale, FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity was found in large dense-cored vesicles (Singla & Mackie 1991). That at least some cnidarian larvae contain RFama To whom correspondence should be addressed. ide-like material was first demonstrated in planulae of the hydroid Pennaria tiarella (= Halocordyle disticha) (Martin 1992). When antiserum to RFamide was applied to 48and 72-h planulae and visualized with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate), some of the ganglion cells in the aboral (anterior) and middle regions and a few ganglion cells in the oral (posterior) regions exhibited immunoactivity. Ganglion cells (also referred to as ganglionic cells in previous publications) are non-ciliated bipolar and multipolar neurons found at the base of the ectoderm just above the mesoglea. A very small number of sensory neurons in the aboral end of planulae also expressed RFamide; however, the great majority of the stained neurons were ganglion cells. Not determined, however, was the subcellular location of the neuropeptide in the planula and how early in development expression of RFamide began. This study uses the superior sensitivity of immunogold to demonstrate that RFamide-like material is located in non-synaptic dense-cored vesicles of cell bodies and processes of ganglion cells of the planula of Pennaria tiarella. The immunogold method reveals subcellular localization of neuropeptide and also detects lower levels of neuropeptide than does the previously used FITC method. These results are the first This content downloaded from 157.55.39.189 on Sun, 12 Mar 2017 19:06:04 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms" @default.
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• W2321349478 date "1996-01-01" @default.
• W2321349478 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2321349478 title "Ultrastructural Localization of RFamide-like Peptides in Neuronal Dense-Cored Vesicles of a Cnidarian Planula Larva" @default.
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• W2321349478 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3226938" @default.
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