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• W2321488704 abstract "The cervical part of the sympathetic trunk contains three interconnected ganglia - superior, middle and cervicothoracic. They send grey rami communicantes to all the cervical spinal nerves. The study was conducted on 157 cadavers (99 Male & 58 Female) bilaterally. Superior cervical ganglion was observed in all the cases. Middle cervical ganglion was found in 58.5% of the cases which lies between the common carotid artery in front and loop of inferior thyroid artery behind. Ansasubclavia extends from middle cervical ganglion to inferior cervical ganglion in 12.5% of the cases. Inferior cervical ganglion was observed in the 45% of the cases. The stellate ganglion was observed in 55% of the cases. The variations of the cervical sympathetic trunk were noted and photographed. Stimulated by the need of surgery, anatomy of the cervical sympathetic chain has acquired increasing importance. To diminish the potential risk of injury during surgery better surgical methods are to be developed. I. Introduction The base of neck is a junction for thorax, neck and the upper limb. The density and diversity of its structures is of great interest from the anatomical point of view. The cervical part of the sympathetic trunk contains three interconnected ganglia - superior, middle and cervicothoracic. They send grey rami communicantes to all the cervical spinal nerves but receive no white rami communicantes from them. Superior cervical ganglion is the largest of the three ganglia. It is located at the level of 2 nd , 3 rd cervical vertebrae and is formed by fusion of four cervical ganglia corresponding to C1-4 spinal nerves. The middle cervical ganglion is found at the level of sixth cervical vertebra and is formed by the fusion of fifth and sixth ganglia. The cervicothoracic ganglion, irregular in shape, is formed by the fusion of lower two cervical and first thoracic segmental ganglia. It lies between the base of the seventh cervical transverse process and the neck of first rib Stimulated by the need of surgery, anatomy of the cervical sympathetic chain has acquired increasing importance. To diminish the potential risk of injury duringsurgery better surgical methods are to be developed especially in Raynaudsdisease . II. Materials &Methods The study was conducted on 157 cadavers (99 Male & 58 Female) bilaterally. Formalin fixed cadavers were placed in the supine position. Incision through the skin was made along the middle of the sternocleidomastoid muscle extending from mastoid process to sternal end of the clavicle.The incision was further extended to chin along the median plane and to mastoid process along the base of the mandible. Sternocleidomastoid muscle was retracted laterally to expose the carotid sheath and its contents. Carotid sheath was removed and common carotid artery and internal jugular veinwas separated to locate the vagus nerve. Common carotid artery was retracted laterally to expose the sympathetic trunk posteromedial to it. Cervical sympathetic trunk was traced superiorly and inferiorly to locate the superior, middle and inferior ganglia. Inferior ganglion which frequently fuses with first thoracic ganglion to form the cervicothoracic ganglion (stellate) ganglion was identified in the region between seventh cervical transverse process and neck of first rib by completely displacing the vertebral artery laterally. Middle cervical ganglion was identified close to the sixth cervical transverse process by displacing inferior thyroid artery. Cervical sympathetic chain was fully exposed from the base of skull upto its continuation with thoracic sympathetic chain. All the finer connections were dissected and exposed. The variations of the cervical sympathetic trunk were noted and photographed. All the data were analysed, compared with earlier work and conclusions were drawn." @default.
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• W2321488704 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2321488704 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2321488704 title "A Study on Cervical Symphatetic Chain and Raynauds Phenomenon." @default.
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• W2321488704 doi "https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-0765255" @default.
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