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• W2322310675 abstract "The noise generation of turbulent premixed ∞ames is governed by temporal changes of the total ∞ame volume due to local heat release ∞uctuations. On the basis of the wave equation an expression for the relationship between the acoustic power and the heat release ∞uctuations can be derived, which reveals that the thermal energy of the ∞ame is transformed into acoustic energy. For the calculation of the acoustic power, three coe‐cients are deflned, which represent the transformation of the thermal into acoustic energy. Firstly, the thermal e‐ciency factor is introduced, which characterizes the upper limit for the conversion under the assumption of full coherence of the source. Secondly, turbulent motion limits the spatial coherence of the volume ∞uctuations to the typical size of the largest turbulent eddies. This is taken into account by the coherence e‐ciency factor. Finally, the periodicity e‐ciency factor takes the non-stochastic, spatially periodic phenomena present in ∞ames into account. Because the experimental determination of the spatial coherence and of periodic efiects is demanding, data of su‐cient quality is not available in the literature. For this reason, two novel measurement techniques were developed for the evaluation of both efiects. Spatial correlation data is obtained with an intensifled high-speed camera as well as with photomultiplier tubes equipped with double aperture optics. A similar magnitude of axial, radial and tangential coherent length scales is found in the measurements. With this information the size of the coherent volume is calculated and compared with the overall ∞ame volume. The small ratio of both values illustrates that the lack of coherence leads to a reduction of the conversion e‐ciency of two orders of magnitude below the fully coherent case. The in∞uence of periodic efiects on ∞ame noise was assessed with a novel planar high-speed LIF-system. After post-processing of the ∞ame front data, the temporal development of the planar distribution of the local heat release is obtained. The measurements show that zones with heat release overshoot and heat release deflcit are periodically generated in the ∞ame, which are convected downstream. This efiect leads to zones with negative correlation and reduces the noise generation of the ∞ame by approximately a factor of 20. While a literature study showed that length scales ranging from the laminar ∞ame front thickness to geometrical dimensions of the test rig were postulated in the past to make theories flt to the measured noise spectra and noise levels, the study reveals that the coherent length scales lie in between these two extreme assumptions and that they are closely linked to the length scales of the velocity fleld. Furthermore, the gap between theory and experiment of two orders of magnitude detected in the past can be allocated to non-stochastic, periodic efiects. The analysis of the scaling of the three coe‐cients with power reveals that the thermal e‐ciency factor increases steeply with power, whereas efiects due to limited coherence and periodic efiects are almost independent of power." @default.
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• W2322310675 date "2005-05-23" @default.
• W2322310675 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2322310675 title "Experimental Investigations on the Acoustic Efficiency of Premixed Swirl Stabilized Flames" @default.
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• W2322310675 doi "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-2908" @default.
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