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• W2323179617 abstract "THE BOTTOM BILLION Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It Paul Collier New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, US$15.95 paper (ISBN 978-0-19537338-7)By the late 1990s, about one billion people ofthe total world population of approximately six billion were living in developed countries and enjoying a relatively high standard of living. The other five billion, however, were attempting reduce the gap between their average incomes and those of people in rich countries. But while some were succeeding in closing this income gap, about one billion people - the bottom billion, living mostly in sub-Saharan Africa - were falling hopelessly further behind. Why is onesixth ofthe world's population falling behind in this way? What can be done reverse this trend? These are the questions that Collier attempts answer in The Bottom Billion.The countries ofthe bottom billion share two main characteristics: they are all very poor and their economies are growing slowly or not at all. As a fervent believer that is good for the Collier avers that growth among the bottom billion needs be started (11). And in tune with the devalued Washington consensus, he seems believe that once growth is underway, all that is needed is a nonintrusive government allow the invisible hand ofthe market create a virtuous circle and reduce poverty in the societies of the bottom billion. But why has economic growth been so inadequate in these countries? Collier believes that they have fallen into one or more of four traps that greatly inhibit economic growth: the conflict trap, the natural resource trap, the trap of being landlocked in a neighbourhood, and the trap of bad governance in a small country.Countries can break free from these traps, says Collier, but that process requires changes that come predominantly from within through the actions of (xi). Although cannot impose changes on the bottom billion, can do a lot to strengthen the hand ofthe (xi). While it is not clear what changes these reformers are supposed introduce, it is reasonable assume that Collier is referring the policy package ofthe Washington consensus. One wonders as well who the we might be - the international financial institutions controlled by the rich countries, the governments ofthe rich countries, or the people ofthe rich countries? In any case, can help them escape from the traps by using four main instruments wisely: traditional aid, military intervention, international laws and charters, and trade policies.Collier points out that not all poor, economically stagnant countries are in the conflict trap: they are simply more prone getting trapped. These countries are more prone civil wars and coups d'etat for two main reasons, are told: low income and low growth. The solution, therefore, is for these countries develop their economies. But they must first escape from the conflict trap, that is, from the vicious circle of conflict and stagnation, a process that requires putting an end the conflict first. Collier is blunt in calling for international military intervention not only stop the fighting but also prevent its recurrence. This proposition appears be an extremely dangerous one since, as attested by the history of Latin America and other regions of the developing world, powerful international actors can create, almost at will, a perceived need for intervention. Fortunately, as Collier recognizes with some frustration, after Iraq it might be difficult find support for military interventions. But he fails realize that, as his own narrative implicitly suggests, have less expensive and more meaningful options reduce the risk of civil wars and coups d'etat in the countries of the bottom billion. Indeed, as he observes, civil wars and coups are caused mostly by economic interests, both domestic and international. …" @default.
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• W2323179617 date "2009-09-01" @default.
• W2323179617 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2323179617 title "Review: The Bottom Billion" @default.
• W2323179617 doi "https://doi.org/10.1177/002070200906400323" @default.
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