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• W2324746960 abstract "Ecologists have not always been satisfied by a study of entirely static situations, the pattern of plant communities at a fixed point in time and space. The early interest in successional studies may be attributable, at least in part, to that concern with temporal change which, as a result of the evolutionary controversy, pervaded most branches of learning in the early years of the century. Nevertheless, the reality of ecological interest in the problem is well exemplified by the many discussions on the concept of the climax (see, e.g. Whittaker 1953), and by the widespread influence of the work of Watt (1947) on 'pattern and process'. In recent years, however, the study of plant succession has taken on a new urgency. The increasingly rapid disappearance of many natural habitats, and consequently of the wildlife that they sustain, has meant that conservation has become all-important. A wide range of early ecological observations showed that many apparently static situations are not equilibria but steady states; in such cases enclosure is inherently likely to initiate a new and vigorous phase of succession, thus changing the habitat it is intended to preserve. A related problem besets forestry. The almost monospecific forests of temperate regions may behave substantially as equilibria, in that if they are cleared they are eventually replaced by themselves; but in the moist eastern coastal belt of Australia most of the commercially valuable rain forest species will grow poorly, or not at all, in monoculture (see, e.g. Webb, Tracey & Haydock 1967), and their continued regeneration depends on the management of a mixed forest. However, many of these species, e.g. Eucalyptus pilularis Sm., Flindersia brayleyana F. Muell. and Araucaria cunninghamii Ait., occur at early or intermediate stages of forest succession; their successful exploitation therefore requires that the natural succession be arrested or deflected, and for this to be possible it must be understood (cf. Watt 1964). A knowledge of natural succession, and of alternative paths it may pursue, is particularly important if the problem at issue is the reclamation of land which has been degraded or eroded. In such a case reclamation by improvement alone may be uneconomic; but there may still remain the possibility of encouraging a progressive succession which will bring the land to a point where enlightened management is once more an economic proposition. In fact, as Richards (1955) has claimed, the study of secondary succession by the ecologist is one of the essential requirements for a solution to the problem of establishing a rational system of land usage in the tropics. We may usefully distinguish five alternative methods of successional study. First, and least satisfactory, is that implied by Clements (1949) when, in urging the study of the" @default.
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• W2324746960 date "1969-07-01" @default.
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• W2324746960 title "Studies in the Numerical Analysis of Complex Rain-Forest Communities: III. The Analysis of Successional Data" @default.
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• W2324746960 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/2258396" @default.
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