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- W232499144 abstract "Lead-based alloy electrodeposits have been used as overlays for plain bearings for manyyears. The toxicity of lead has not been a problem for the industry until recently with theinitiation of the End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) directive in the European Union. Thislegislation requires the member states to phase out lead in the future, thus promoting asearch for lead-free alternatives. The aim of this research was to investigate theelectrodeposition and the fatigue properties of compositionally modulated Sn-Co alloymultilayer coatings as possible overlays for plain bearings.Following a comprehensive review on the electrodeposition of Sn-Co alloys, a novelsulfate/gluconate electrolyte was established, from which compositionally modulatedmultilayer coatings can be deposited by varying the applied current density only, i. e. puretin coatings were deposited at current densities lower than the limiting current density forthe deposition of tin, whilst Sn-Co alloy coatings were deposited at much higher currentdensities. It was found that the pH value of the solution was crucial to maintain the desireddeposit composition/current density relationship, with pH 3.5-4 being the optimum range.The main function of sodium gluconate was to inhibit the hydrolysis of tin(II) ions. Thetotal concentration of tin(II) ions in the electrolyte and the agitation strength were the twofactors which were employed to markedly increase the limiting current density for thedeposition of tin, leading to an increased overall deposition rate for coatings. It was alsofound that the addition of boric acid and a non-ionic surfactant, Tween 20, to the solutionwas essential for the deposition of satisfactory Sn-Co alloy coatings.The electrodeposition of Sn-Co alloys was also carried out using pulsed current, in order toenhance the electrocrystallisation process and thus prevent the formation of dendriticcoatings. Compositional analysis indicated that Sn-Co alloy coatings obtained under pulsedcurrent conditions had more uniform cobalt content within a wide current density range of1-4 A/dm 2 than under direct current conditions. After ruling out the selective dissolution ofcobalt during the off-time by AES depth profiling, the effect of pulsed current parameterson the deposit composition was explained on the basis of the mass transport theory derivedfrom Ibl's duplex diffusion layer model for pulse electroplating, leading to the conclusion that pulsed current was able to slow down the deposition rate of the more noble componentof an alloy by controlling the mass transport in the non-stationary diffusion layer. (Continues...)" @default.
- W232499144 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W232499144 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W232499144 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W232499144 title "Electodeposition of compositionally modulated tin-cobalt alloy multilayer coatings as plain bearing overlays" @default.
- W232499144 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
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