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- W2325412187 abstract "The part played by the human carrier in the spread of typhoid fever is well known. The experience of various health departments shows that today flies, food (exclusive of milk), privies and sewage are relatively small factors in the dissemination of this disease. In the state of Massachusetts, according to O'Donnell,1 few cases are due to water, especially in recent years, and in general no municipal supply is considered as a dangerous source of typhoid infection. Contact with true typhoid has been responsible for a few cases in homes and neighborhoods, while carriers have been proved to be responsible for 41.6% of cases of milkborne typhoid from 1915 to 1918, inclusive. It is therefore evident that carriers are a larger factor in the spread of typhoid than at present realized and are probably also the cause of an appreciable number of typhoid cases of unknown origin. This statement is supported by the fact that from 1915-1919, 14 carriers caused 249 cases of typhoid fever. Similar observations have been made by Chesley2 and his associates, who traced 213 cases of typhoid fever in Minnesota to 30 carriers, or an average of 7 cases each. In California also the persistence of typhoid fever is definitely linked with carriers. Certain data collected in the army camps (Camp Dix) and in the Expeditionary forces clearly suggest that, in some instances, this mode of infection was responsible for small epidemics. Moreover, Garbat3 has recently estimated that 55 % of all typhoid may be traced directly or indirectly to carriers. The general reduction of typhoid in the United States has enabled the health authorities to devote more attention to the prevention of contact and carrier cases. A statement by Meader 4 summarizes the present situation in an excellent manner. He says: By far the most difficult source of infection to trace and the most baffling to control is the typhoid carrier, and methods for the cure of typhoid carriers are among the most needy research problems." @default.
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- W2325412187 date "1921-05-01" @default.
- W2325412187 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2325412187 title "Experimental typhoid-paratyphoid carriers" @default.
- W2325412187 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/28.5.381" @default.
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