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• W2325705093 abstract "In some mayfly nymphs, family Baetidae, flat-tipped sensilla occur on antennal segments and on other body parts (tergal borders and cerci). These fine, flat-tipped setae have an apical pore, a basal tubular body, and a branched dendrite along the shaft, an organization consistent with a chemo-mechanosensory function. Phylogenetic considerations are presented on the basis of a survey on the presence or absence of flat-tipped sensilla in some members of the Baetidae. The results of this investigation, and those of other authors, support the hypothesis that this sensillum is an apomorphic character. Additional key words: mayflies, sensilla, phylogeny, taxonomy Insect sensilla have mainly been studied from two different perspectives: first, from the morphological and electrophysiological point of view, to examine their specific function (Crnjar & Prokopy 1982; Kapoor & Zachariah 1983; Keil & Steinbrecht 1984; Mclver 1985; Zacharuk 1985; Solinas et al. 1987; Stadler et al. 1994; Isidoro et al. 1996), and second, for the taxonomic relevance assigned to these structures, including setae, scales, and spines. In the Ephemeroptera, cuticular armatures represent a useful set of characteristics that taxonomists have considered in comparing different species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has allowed new microcharacters to be highlighted. In this regard, Morihara & McCafferty (1979) used SEM in the taxonomic revision of the North American genus Baetis to examine and analyze the setae, scales, and spines of the nymphs. Among the three main types of setae studied by these authors, hairlike or bristlelike fine setae that were distinctly clubbed apically were considered to be phylogenetically important traits. This kind of fine sea Author for correspondence. E-mail: gaino@unipg.it tae has been described in the antennae of Baetis rhodani (Baetidae) and of Rhithrogena loyolaea and Epeorus sylvicola (Heptageniidae) (Gaino & Rebora 1996). The location of this setal type and the presence of an apical pore have supported the hypothesis that it could be a sensillum, defined as a flat-tipped sensillum (Gaino & Rebora 1996). Ultrastructural serial sections showed the presence of both a tubular body and the dendrites extending along the shaft, further supporting the hypothesis of a chemo-mechanosensory function (Gaino & Rebora 1998). Considering the possible systematic relevance of this sensillum to systematics, we have documented its presence (or absence) and its distribution in species representing almost all the European genera of the family Baetidae: Acentrella, Alainites, Baetis, Centroptilum, Cloeon, Labiobaetis, Nigrobaetis, Procloeon, and Pseudocentroptilum. For comparison, we examined the antennae of the New Zealand mayfly Siphlaenigma janae, belonging to Siphlaenigmatidae, generally regarded as the sister group of Baetidae. In this paper we report that flat-tipped sensilla are a Figs. 1-4. Flat-tipped sensilla in Baetis rhodani. Fig. 1. The sensillum connects two consecutive antennal articles. Note the pore (P). Proximal article (Px); distal article (Ds). Fig. 2. Basal region of a flat-tipped sensillum. Note the tubular body (TB) in longitudinal section. Inset: distal portion of the sensillum in cross section, with dendrites in the middle (arrow). Fig. 3. Numerous sensilla (arrowheads) located on a cercus. Fig. 4. Sensilla on a urotergite (arrows). Figs. 5-9. Distal border of antennal articles in several species that lack flat-tipped sensilla but which may present other kinds of fine setae (arrows). Fig. 5. Siphlaenigma janae. Fig. 6. Centroptilum luteolum. Fig. 7. Cloeon dipterum. Fig. 8. Procloeon bifidum. Fig. 9. Pseudocentroptilum pennulatum. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.247 on Wed, 27 Apr 2016 06:14:50 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Flat-tipped sensillum as microcharacter" @default.
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• W2325705093 title "Flat-Tipped Sensillum in Baetidae (Ephemeroptera): A Microcharacter for Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Considerations" @default.
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• W2325705093 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3226914" @default.
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