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- W2326946077 abstract "It has become close to a tautological proposition that Europe, the key region in the international system, has entered a transitional phase. The feeling of transition is generated not so much by a vision of newly perceived goals as by a sense that the old order is passing. There is a general atmosphere of flux but no firm indication of what a reconstruction might look like. Czechoslovakia was a tragic reminder that there is nothing inexorable about peaceful change in desirable directions. And those who hold the view that the pressures for socio-political change in Eastern Europe and the ussr are inherent in the evolution of their industrial organization can no longer associate that anticipation with any confident predictions that the political leadership in Moscow (or in Pankow? or in Warsaw?) will make the necessary adjustments in policy. We must indeed hedge our optimism by a recognition that the reactions of an entrenched and stultified bureaucratic regime to the forces of change may prove violent, unimaginative, and oblivious to the risks of escalation as well as to the long-term trends at work (an ancien regime perspective). The atmosphere of transition is also prevalent in northern Europe and has given momentum to several still ambiguous and contradictory explorations and expectations. Perhaps small countries with little experience in the exasperations and vicissitudes of diplomacy are particularly vulnerable to wishful thinking; to the tendency to perceive desirable trends as inexorable and to see their contradictions as aberrations which should not becloud our vision and efforts. This can be clearly seen in the reactions of the Norwegian public to the Soviet assertion of imperial and pontifical authority in Czechoslovakia. The action is condemned but according to an almost unanimous opinion it should not be allowed to destroy the detente. I suspect this position reflects a rather ambiguous attitude to the detente as policy as distinct from policy context. The objectives of the detente policy were never very clear. Labels like normalization and settlement were not particularly helpful in suggesting particular objectives and the concept of a European security system was never spelled out in a set of explicit alternatives. The elements of frustration which are noticeable in the post-Czechoslovakia debate are related not only to shattered aspirations and expectations of success, but also the basic equivocation the policy of detente reflected. It was never clear to what extent it was aimed at a reduction of Soviet authority in Eastern Europe or based on any explicit theory of how the objectives of normalization and settlement were related to the problem of Soviet authority. For" @default.
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- W2326946077 date "1969-06-01" @default.
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- W2326946077 title "A Norwegian Look into the Early 'Seventies" @default.
- W2326946077 doi "https://doi.org/10.1177/002070206902400212" @default.
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