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• W2327202451 abstract "Event Abstract Back to Event Recruitment of motor units in flight muscles accounts for pheromone-mediated modulation of pre-flight heating rates in male moths Jose G. Crespo1*, Neil J. Vickers1 and Franz Goller2 1 University of Utah, Biology, United States 2 University of Utah, Biology, United States Pheromone-mediated upwind flight of Helicoverpa zea male moths is elicited in response to a two-component pheromone blend released into the air by conspecific females. However, prolonged flight can only be sustained if the endothermic thoracic muscles are sufficiently warm prior to take-off. The need for pre-flight shivering behavior that serves to heat these muscles depends on environmental conditions (e.g. wind speed and ambient temperature) as well as the physiological state of males (e.g. energy reserves and body temperature). We previously showed that when sensing the attractive pheromone blend, male H. zea warm up at a faster rate. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism by which this modulation of heating rate during the pre-flight warm-up occurs. Among the possible scenarios for increasing heating rate are: 1) recruitment of additional motor units, 2) increase rate of muscle contraction, and 3) reduction of the mechanical movement of the wings by increased overlap in contraction of the antagonistic flight muscles. In order to test which mechanism is primarily employed by male moths, we simultaneously recorded and then compared the activation patterns of the main flight muscles (i.e. the wing depressors or dorso-longitudinal muscles and the wing elevators or dorso-ventral muscles) in insects exposed to the attractive pheromone blend and to a blank control. At the same time, we recorded the thoracic temperature and wing movement during shivering. Results indicate that recruitment of additional motor units in both antagonistic flight muscles is mainly responsible for the observed increase in thoracic heating rate. These additional motor units lengthen the muscular activation period producing an increase in duty cycle that ultimately accounts for greater heat production. Interestingly, the activation rate of monitored motor units, which is highly temperature dependent, did not change between treatments. This finding suggests that the rate is determined by a temperature-dependent oscillator, which is not modulated by pheromone stimuli. In both conditions the antagonistic flight muscles were activated with similar temporal overlap with phase angles ranging from 30° – 50°. In conclusion, males that detect pheromone achieve a higher heating rate of the thoracic flight muscles by recruiting more motor units during shivering. Acknowledgements Supported by NSF IOS-0641014 to NJV and NSF DDIG IOS-1110836 to JGC. Keywords: Helicoverpa zea, Behavior, insect, muscle physiology, Olfaction, Thermobiology Conference: Tenth International Congress of Neuroethology, College Park. Maryland USA, United States, 5 Aug - 10 Aug, 2012. Presentation Type: Poster (but consider for student poster award) Topic: Sensorimotor Integration Citation: Crespo JG, Vickers NJ and Goller F (2012). Recruitment of motor units in flight muscles accounts for pheromone-mediated modulation of pre-flight heating rates in male moths. Conference Abstract: Tenth International Congress of Neuroethology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnbeh.2012.27.00402 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 01 May 2012; Published Online: 07 Jul 2012. * Correspondence: Mr. Jose G Crespo, University of Utah, Biology, Salt Lake CIty, Utah, 84112-0840, United States, jose.crespo@utah.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Jose G Crespo Neil J Vickers Franz Goller Google Jose G Crespo Neil J Vickers Franz Goller Google Scholar Jose G Crespo Neil J Vickers Franz Goller PubMed Jose G Crespo Neil J Vickers Franz Goller Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page." @default.
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• W2327202451 title "Recruitment of motor units in flight muscles accounts for pheromone-mediated modulation of pre-flight heating rates in male moths" @default.
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