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• W2327263906 abstract "Fracturing caused by coal mine subsidence disrupts surface structures, alters drainage patterns, changes the hydraulic properties of overburden rocks and soil and may expose shallow aquifers to contamination from surface sources. In this study electrical resistivity soundings and frequency-domain electromagnetic (EM) surveys were made before, during and after subsidence of a 40-70 ft section composed of loess, till and glaciolacustrine deposits in the southern Illinois coal basin. During subsidence, resistivity increased from approximately 60 to 140 ohm-m in the upper 5 ft along the south margin of the panel. This “layer” of elevated resistivity may reflect air-filled fractures penetrating the soil to the water table and shallow drift aquifer. Sounding lines oriented parallel to fractures measured resistivity increases averaging 90 ohm-m, whereas those oriented perpendicular to fractures exhibited resistivity increases averaging 30 ohm-m. After subsidence, resistivity of near-surface materials declined dramatically (100 ohm-m in some areas), reflecting closure of shallow fractures and seasonal increases in soil moisture. Postsubsidence EM measurements recorded a low-conductivity zone over the south panel margin 5 months after subsidence, probably as a result of fractured soil between depths of 8 to 20 ft. These zones may represent areas of locally dewatered drift which had not yet received rech,arge from winter precipitation due to low permeabilities in the overlying clay-rich sections of the overburden. This experiment illustrates how electrical geophysical methods provide a viable and cost-effective means to assess fracturing and the hydrogeologic impact of subsidence on shallow aquifers overlying longwall coal mines. INTRODUCTION Longwall mining produces rapid subsidence which extends up through the entire overburden to the ground surface, resulting in a subsidence trough. This vertical movement of the overburden is accompanied by horizontal movement of the strata, which produces high horizontal tensile strains and fracturing of near-surface materials just behind the panel face and along the panel edges. As the mine face advances, the central portion of the panel experiences compression, and partial closing of fractures parallel to the mine face. Along the panel margins, however, horizontal strains persist, and fractures in this “tension or tensile zone” may remain open for a considerable time after subsidence. In this investigation surface electrical and electromagnetic surveys were used to monitor the development of fractures in the overburden during and after subsidence, as well as associated hydrogeological changes. Site Geology The study area is located in Saline County, Illinois, an area of gently rolling topography exhibiting about 20 ft of maximum relief (fig. 1). Approximately 8 ft of the Herrin #6 coal" @default.
• W2327263906 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2327263906 creator A5036147476 @default.
• W2327263906 date "1996-01-01" @default.
• W2327263906 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2327263906 title "Detectlon And Mapping Of Mine Subsidence Fractures In Glacial Drift Using Surface Electrical Methods" @default.
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• W2327263906 doi "https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.205.1996_116" @default.
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