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• W2327335391 abstract "The WMU underwater GPR antenna has been applied to problems in mapping structures and lithologies of glacially deposited sediments and younger fluvial and lacustrine sediments in the near offshore of a part of the east-central shoreline of Lake Michigan. Nearly 19 km of ground-penetrating radar lines have been profiled along the reach beginning at Manistee and extending northward 7.5 km. The boat-towed bottom sled contained a dipole antenna transmitting at about 145 MHz. Concurrent SONAR tracks were recorded, and navigation was by differential GPS. The Lake Michigan basin has had a complicated Pleistocene history. The rising water from a low stage 10,000 years BP have planed off and inundated a great variety of subaerial and fluvial features, as well as deposits left by earlier glacial cycles. A large dune field was found, and using orthogonal transects we were able to determine the strike of the slip faces, and hence the paleo wind direction (NW to SE). Cobble and boulder tills could be recognized by the poor radar penetration and frequent hyperbolae from individual boulders. Filled fluvial channel-forms were found near Manistee. A sequence of at least eight layers of gently shoreward-dipping sand beds was found. These thicken towards shore and are truncated at the lake bottom in the offshore, updip direction, and remain an enigma. There are a number of advantages of doing the GPR under the lake rather than onshore. At the lake bottom, coupling is constant, topography is very smooth and predictable, and access is unlimited. The 20 km surveyed for this project required only two (long) field days. INTRODUCTION The city and harbor of Manistee are located at 44’ 14’ 4 1” latitude, 86” 19’ 6” longitude in Manistee County, Michigan (Fig. 1). Local glacial geology everywhere along the Lake Michigan shoreline has a strong influence on several environmental factors including local construction practices, coastal erosion, and groundwater-lake water interaction. While the general, regional glacial history is reasonably well defined, mapping and understanding of local features of the glacial record are lacking. This area was selected because of the apparently more complicated history, including the existence of arcuate moraines onshore which appear to be truncated at the shoreline. The Lake Michigan basin was at times tilled with an advancing ice lobe, at other times partly lake and partly ice filled, and was once occupied by a much smaller lake. Additionally, there is a major morainal system crossing the basin at the latitude of Manistee. During the Chippewa low stage ( 11,000 6000 yr BP) the lake level was as much as 115 meters lower than at present (Fuks and Wilkinson, 1998). During that period the shoreline was many kilometers to the west, and rivers cut deep valleys due to the greatly lowered base level. As the lake levels recovered, all subaerial deposits, fluvial deposits, and shoreline features were over-ridden and reworked. The advance actually surpassed the present lake" @default.
• W2327335391 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2327335391 date "2000-01-01" @default.
• W2327335391 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2327335391 title "Sub-Bottom Gpr For Mapping Lithology And Structure Of Lake Michigan Glacial Drift Deposits, Offshore Manistee, Mi" @default.
• W2327335391 cites W2044296792 @default.
• W2327335391 doi "https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.200.2000_071" @default.
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