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- W2327771311 abstract "This paper details methods and applications of cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) as a tool in maximizing the effects of primary health care development efforts. Its 1st 2 chapters are an introduction to CEA discussing the processes of an analysis of the costs and effectiveness. Various uses of CEA are given including evaluation alternatives at many stages in a decision process alternative programs with the same goal alternative means for an established program alternative effects of changing size scope or composition of programs and determining the optimum alternative where effectiveness rises to an optimum figure and begins to decline in relation to a given varable. The paper cautions aganist use of CEA for comparison of 2 separate goals (for example health and education). Chapter 2 examines the steps in the CEA namely the definition of a problem to be solved the identification of alternative solutions to the problem the measurement of the opportunity costs the analysis of the cost effectiveness of each alternative and finally the analysis of sensitivity to determine whether results of the study would be overly sensitive to changes in the assumptions. The appendices give detailed instructions for implementing CEAs. Appendix A is a guide to calculation of costs. It describes monetary and nonmonetary calculations. Appendix B illustrates the measures of effects: rates ratios indices formulae and the 3 most commonly used counts proportions and percentages. Appendix C discusses procedures of analysis of cost and outcome and sensitivity analysis. Appendix D discusses additional issues affecting cost effectiveness: economies of scale foreign exchange and inflation problems present value (useful where alternatives cover different time spans) net costs after savings resulting directly from the development effort and optimizing the effects of 2 or more alternatives to achieve maximum benefit from the most perfect combination of health efforts." @default.
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- W2327771311 title "Operations research methods. Cost-effectiveness analysis." @default.
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