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• W2328492069 abstract "Jenks et al. (J. Wildl. Manage. 48:626-628, 1984) misinterpreted the 99% confidence limits of their data and thus wrongly concluded that fisher (Martes pennanti) -3 years old can be aged from width ratios of canine teeth. We applied 95% tolerance limits to their data means and, although radiographs were effective for determining sex and identifying the juvenile age class in fisher, it was not possible to differentiate ages of older animals by this method. Criteria by which to classify individuals were derived. A tooth length of >24.4 mm identified males. Juveniles ( 0.465 in males or >0.395 in females. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 50(2):275-276 a recent article on sex and age-class determination for fisher using radiographs of canine teeth, Jenks et al. (1984:627) stated, In each sex, width ratios for the first 3-year classes and the fourth age-class of >3 years showed no From this they concluded, age of fisher can be determined from width ratios of canine teeth if age-classes beyond 3 years are not required. The results presented in their paper do not support this statement, and we disagree with their conclusion. The results show no overlap in the 99% confidence limits of the means ( +? ts/Vn-) of each age class, and from this Jenks et al. (1984) infer that these are the limits within which the majority of the individuals of the population will lie. That inference cannot be made. These results only indicate, with high confidence (99%), that the true mean lies between the given limits and that the means of the age classes do not overlap. According to Remington and Schork (Statistics with Applications to the Biological and Health Sciences, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1970:188), Confidence limits are used to estimate a single value, a parameter [e.g., the :] of a population, whereas tolerance limits are used to estimate a high proportion of the individual values in a population. Tolerance limits generally are wider than the corresponding confidence limits, which is consistent with the distinction between them. We believe minimal overlap or complete separation of >95% tolerance limits of each age class being considered is essential when attempting to age an individual specimen. If 95% tolerance limits (II = 0.95, 1 a = 0.95; Remington and Schork [1970:table A-18]) are applied to the data means generated by Jenks et al. (1984), a large degree of overlap in width ratios occurs in the adult age classes (Fig. 1). This precludes the use of width ratio to distinguish ages of adults. No overlap in 95% tolerance limits occurs in width ratios of juvenile canines vs. those age classes >1 year (Fig. 1), indicating that width ratios can be used to separate these 2 age classes. A new method of age determination should use criteria to classify individuals to each age class being considered. These criteria then should be applied back to the original data to evaluate the accuracy of the method. If Jenks et al. (1984) had determined dividing points and attempted to assign their specimens to 1 of their 4 age classes, the invalidity of their conclusion would have been evident. Using their data we derived a dividing point to separate age classes 0 and 1 year because insufficient data were presented to combine the width ratios for age classes 1-9. We based the dividing points on the standard deviation (SD) about each mean to account for the differing variability in ach age class. Assuming a normal distribution, the formula we used for the dividing point (D)" @default.
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• W2328492069 date "1986-04-01" @default.
• W2328492069 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2328492069 title "Sex and Age Determination for Fisher Using Radiographs of Canine Teeth: A Critique" @default.
• W2328492069 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3801912" @default.
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