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• W2328896803 abstract "Isopods associated with fishes are biologically and economically important. Unfortunately, little more than basic taxonomic studies have been conducted, with both isopod specialists and fish parasitologists largely ignoring their biology. This lack of knowledge has resulted in incomplete and erroneous portrayals of the group. To allay confusion concerning this important group, we first provide an overview and synoptic information and, second, directly address some of the published misconceptions. Essentially any isopod collected with a fish is suspected of having been associated with that fish. We refer to isopods on fishes as an rather than because the exact relationship between host and isopod has not been established in all cases. A gradation from casually associated micropredation to parasitism occurs between flabelliferan isopod families, i.e., cirolanids to corallanids to aegids to cymothoids (Tables I, II). Sometimes this gradient can even occur within isopod genera. We define association as being in, or attached on, the host fish longer than is necessary to simply feed and drop off, as does a micropredator. Our definition allows this rather diverse, but related group, to be considered cohesively without dwelling on the sometimes sterile, and always complex, problem of defining parasitism, predation, and other relationships. We are not belittling the importance of establishing the exact relationships between isopods and fishes, just ignoring it for the sake of expediency. Isopods associate with fishes from Himalayan Mountain streams to abyssal depths of the sea, although most species are marine, shallow-water, and coastal. Some 500 species are known in 5 families (Tables I, II). Cymothoids and aegids are among the largest parasites of fishes, but other taxa, for example most gnathiids, are difficult to see without the aid of a dissecting microscope (Table II). Isopods attach to all external, branchial, and buccal surfaces of fishes, especially the gills, mouth, and anterior body. Some cymothoids also form pouches in the lateral musculature of a few freshwater and marine fishes. One cirolanid even burrows into the flesh of sharks (Bird, 1981). Most cymothoids are highly host and site specific. A few corallanids seem to have some host specificity, but other isopods apparently have none. Some prefer fishes from particular habitats or with certain behaviors. Species vary in biogeographic range from a short section of coast or single freshwater lake to those occurring worldwide. Gnathiids have been relatively successful in the greater depths. A few cymothoids occur in the inland fresh waters of South America, Asia, and Africa; a freshwater aegid occurs in Asia and Australia, freshwater corallanids in Asia, Java, Sulawesi, and Sumatra, and some marine or brackish water cymothoids invade coastal freshwaters. Many species occur in the tropics, but more numbers of individuals" @default.
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• W2328896803 date "1998-10-01" @default.
• W2328896803 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2328896803 title "Isopods Associated with Fishes: A Synopsis and Corrections" @default.
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• W2328896803 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3284615" @default.
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