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• W2330861434 abstract "The Integrated Model to Assess the Greenhouse Effect (IMAGE 2) is developed to simulate dynamically the global society-biosphere-climate system. The terrestrial C cycle model is an important component of this model. It is implemented on a grid, runs on a annual time step and simulates the major C fluxes between the atmosphere and the biosphere and controls the storage capacity of C in different compartments. The C fluxes are influenced by the direct and indirect response of ecosystems to changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climates. Each ecosystem is characterized by its NPP, which depends on environmental conditions. Incorporation of grid cell specific feedback processes is an innovation in this model. Implemented feedback processes are CO2 fertilization, effects of climate change on photosynthesis, plant respiration and decomposition and shifts in vegetation patterns due to climate change and changes in water use efficiency. This paper presents an evaluation of the importance of feedback processes on global and regional scales. Tempera- ture feedback on plant growth is the most important feedback process at the global scale, while CO2 fertilization is of lesser importance. However, CO2 fertilization is the most significant feedback in low latitudes, while temperature change most strongly influences the C cycle in the high latitudes. The C dynamics of land cover change, including feedbacks, depend on characteristics of the former and actual land cover type. The shifts in land cover are parameterized so that they mimic succession. The course and duration of the transitional phase strongly affect the C fluxes. We applied both an equilibrium approach with instantaneous transitions and dy- namic approaches with gradual type-dependent transitions. Transitions in natural vegetation between 1990 and 2050 involve about one-third of all grid cells, especially in the higher latitudes. The impact of vegetation transitions on C fluxes differs depending on the instantaneous or gradual tran- sition strategy. The latter results in higher and delayed NEP fluxes, resulting in significantly different atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The dynamic approach is more realistic and should be included in integrated assessment models that project future atmospheric CO2 levels." @default.
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• W2330861434 date "1995-07-01" @default.
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• W2330861434 title "The Importance of Feedback Processes and Vegetation Transition in the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle" @default.
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• W2330861434 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/2845982" @default.
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