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- W2331712980 abstract "The 28 km2 of barren landscape at Copperhill, Tennessee, amidst the richly forested southern Appalachian Mountains, is a classic example of total destruction of an ecosystem (Odum 1959). Sulphur dioxide from copper smelters killed the original forest at about the turn of the century. The subsequent complete surface erosion of the soil produced a harsh microclimate. In June, daily maxima of soil temperatures at 3 cm depth were 120 C higher, mean wind velocities at 60 cm above the ground were thirteen times greater, and evaporation from water surfaces at soil level was five times more rapid, than in adjacent forest (Hursh 1948). Repeated attempts to revegetate the area with various grasses, legumes and pines failed (Allen 1950; Ingersoll 1964). In 1955 the oriental legume kudzu (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) was planted by the Tennessee Copper Company. This plant is widely used in the Southeast to curb erosion (Bailey 1939). In 1964 kudzu was still the only phanerogam present, but it had spread from the planting sites and a simple ecosystem had developed with a soil profile, litter layer, and soil biota. The stages of development in this simple ecosystem furnished a unique opportunity to study regeneration and parallel development of vegetation, litter, soil humus, microflora and microfauna on denuded soil. The system was used also to test the methodology to be used in more comprehensive studies of chemical cycles in ecosystems at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and in the Great Smoky Mountains (Shanks & Olson 1961; Auerbach, Olson & Waller 1964). Interest in the revegetation and restoration of severely damaged landscapes has been renewed by excessive strip mining, overuse of lands, and the threat of nuclear devastation. Interest in chemical cycles has been spurred by their implications for the evaluation of hazards from systemic poisons, fallout and radioactive wastes, for efficient use of fertilizers, and for the conservation of natural resources." @default.
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- W2331712980 date "1966-11-01" @default.
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- W2331712980 title "Accumulation and Biota in a Pioneer Ecosystem of Kudzu Vine at Copperhill, Tennessee" @default.
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- W2331712980 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/2401260" @default.
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