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• W2333292420 abstract "-Stomach contents of 403 margined madtoms Noturus insignis (Richardson), collected several times throughout 1988 and 1989 were examined. Insects in the families Baetidae, Chironomidae and Simuliidae, all of which have nocturnal drift patterns, were present in stomach samples in proportions higher than those in the environment. Margined madtoms showed an activity peak (inferred from capture efficiency) at midnight in both years. Usually feeding began at dusk and its rate increased until 0400 h, as suggested by changes in stomach fullness over 24 h. Diel feeding periodicity was similar to that exhibited by other Noturus species. During 2 of the 4 samples days on which sizes of prey in the environment were compared to sizes in the diet, margined madtoms consumed organisms that were smaller, on average, than those collected from the substrate. On the other 2 days, the diet samples and environmental samples were not significantly different. Margined madtoms ate insects that were most active and most available between midnight and dawn. INTRODUCTION Noturus insignis, the margined madtom, is native to many Atlantic slope streams from Georgia to New York, parts of the Lake Ontario drainage and the upper Kanawha River system (Taylor, 1969; Rohde, 1980). Accidental introductions are presumably responsible for its occurrence in the upper Ohio River drainage, the Tennessee River system and the Merrimack River in New Hampshire (Taylor, 1969). The margined madtom is usually found in clear streams with moderate current and abundant gravel and rubble (Rohde, 1980). Margined madtoms live as long as 4 yr; females become sexually mature in their 3rd summer, whereas males mature a year earlier (Clugston and Cooper, 1960). Most growth occurs in July, August and September, after spawning has occurred. Bowman (1932) found that the stomachs of Noturus [Rabida] insignis collected during daylight hours were nearly empty or contained highly digested food items, whereas the stomachs of specimens collected at 0100 h contained relatively undigested prey items, implying nocturnal feeding. Through stomach content analysis, Bowman (1936) surmised that N. insignis feeds almost exclusively on aquatic insect larvae. Bowman did not systematically compare the relative abundances of prey items in the madtoms' diet to their relative abundances in the environment. Many have studied the feeding behavior of madtoms. Mayden and Burr (1981) speculated that since Noturus exilis Nelson is primarily a nocturnal species it feeds principally by taste (as observed in aquaria) rather than by sight. They made no direct comparisons, but noted chironomids appeared most abundant in N. exilis when chironomids were at their peak drift. Robison and Harp (1985) found that N. lachneri Taylor began feeding between 2090 min after sunset. Page and Smith (1971) reported that the riffle fishes Percina phoxcephala (Nelson) and P. sciera (Swain) fed on whatever food was available and palatable and that feeding patterns closely followed insect population cycles. Likewise, Starnes and Starnes (1985) found that gut contents of N. eleutherus Jordan shifted with the most abundant benthic taxa, most commonly baetids and chironomids. They speculated that since baetids and chironomids are nocturnally active their availability to madtoms might be increased. The objectives of our study were to determine-if a population of margined madtoms in" @default.
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• W2333292420 date "1993-04-01" @default.
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• W2333292420 title "Selective Predation by Noturus insignis (Richardson) (Teleostei: Ictaluridae) in the Delaware River" @default.
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• W2333292420 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/2426512" @default.
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