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• W2333508357 abstract "Heritability and gene action of selected yield-related traits were estimated in two crosses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The parents, F,, F2, and first generation backcrosses (B1 and B2) of two crosses, 'AI24' ('Bezostaya 1') x 'R 108' (R-line) and 'AI24' x 'R100', were studied in a field experiment grown on the Agronomy Research Station at Manhattan, Kansas, during the 1980 and 1981 crop seasons. Data were taken on tallest tiller of individual plants. The F, deviated from the midparent values for all characters except kernel weight in 1980 indicating a sizeable amount of non-additive gene action for these traits. Narrow sense heritability estimates were low (0.29) in cross 1 and moderate (0.54) in cross 2 for basal-spikelet moderate (0.42) in cross 1 and low (0.24) in cross 2 for tip-spikelet moderately high (0.65-0.71) for kernel weight in both crosses, moderately high in cross 1 (0.57) and low in cross 2 (0.02) for grain weight, moderately high in cross 1 (0.57) and low in cross 2 (0.12) for number of seed/spike, and moderate (0.40) in cross 1 and high (0.75) in cross 2 for number of spikelets/spike. Additive gene effects played the major role in the inheritance of basalspikelet, and kernel weight in both crosses, of tip-spikelet in cross 1, and of number of spikelets/spike in cross 2. Both dominant and epistatic effects contributed to the inheritance of the other characters. The dominant x dominant type was the most important among the three types of digenic epistasis. Early generation selection for basal-spikelet and number of spikelets/spike in cross 2 and for kernel weight in both crosses should be effective in this material. Difficulty would be encountered in selecting for the other characters. Efforts to improve the wheat plant have been directed at various plant characters. Yield component breeding and modification of the plant architecture offer possibilities to develop more efficient breeding systems for I Investigations of the Kansas Agricultural Exp. Station, Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, Kansas 66506. Contribution no. 86-341-J. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.162 on Thu, 11 Aug 2016 06:24:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 104 TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE increased grain yield. Spikelet number per spike in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important yield component which has been suggested to be under single genetic control (Pinthus, 1967; Rawson, 1970; Rahman et al., 1977). It is the product of the rate and duration of spikelet initiation plus the number of double ridges (spikelet primordia) present at floral initiation. The inheritance of of spikelets was studied by Jasnowski (1934). No correlation for was found between spikelets at the base of the spike and those at the tip, indicating independent inheritance. The data also indicated that at the part of the spike was determined by two pairs of cumulative factors. Basal also has been found to be dependent on a single recessive gene (Singh et al., 1957). Perrin (1930) indicated that environmental conditions influence the degree of at the part of the spike. Heritability is the ratio of genetic variance to total variance for a plant character and relates to progress from selection (Hanson, 1963). Heritability estimates reported by several workers indicate that certain morphological traits that influence grain yield in wheat are more heritable than yield itself. Heritability estimates were high for heading date; moderately high for kernel weight and plant height; moderate for tiller number; and low for spikelets per spike, kernels per spike, kernels per spikelet, and grain yield in a study of winter wheat crosses by Ketata et al. (1976). Estimates of gene effects have a direct bearing on the method of hybridization and selection to be adopted in breeding programs. Bhatt (1972) reported that gene action involved in the inheritance of heading date, plant height, and kernel weight of two spring wheat crosses was primarily additive. Chapman and McNeal (1971) found that epistasis was involved in the expression of tiller number, grain yield, and plant height, but that there were no significant epistatic effects for spikelets/spike and kernel weight in a spring wheat cross. 'Turkey' wheat was introduced into the USA Southern Great Plains in 1874 from Crimea (Clark et al., 1922). 'Turkey' is an important ancestor of many modern wheat cultivars in this region. A characteristic of this cultivar was basal-spikelet sterility. Also, it generally had only two kernels per spikelet in the fertile spikelets, which was attributed to environmental stresses that occur in the Southern Great Plains. No study was made in Kansas to determine the actual causes of basal-spikelet sterility. This study was conducted to estimate heritability and gene effects for basal-spikelet and other agronomic traits in two crosses of winter wheat. MATERIALS AND METHODS The parental, F1, F2, and first generation backcrosses (B, and B2) populations of the two crosses studied herein were derived from three hard red winter wheat lines obtained from the DeKalb Seed Company, Wichita, KanThis content downloaded from 157.55.39.162 on Thu, 11 Aug 2016 06:24:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOLUME 90, NUMBERS 3-4 105 sas. 'AI24' ('Bezostaya 1') has a low number of sterile spikelets at the base of the spike, medium height, no awns, and glabrous glumes. 'R100' (R-line) is intermediate in its basal-spikelet tall, awned, and has pubescent glumes. 'R 108' (R-line) has a high basal-spikelet is tall, awned, and has glabrous glumes. Two crosses were made: Cross 1: P1 (R108) as male, P2 (AI24) as female, their F1, F2, B1 (F, x P,), and B2 (F1 x P2) derivatives; Cross 2: P, (R100) as male, P2 (AI24) as female, their F,, F2, B1 (F1 x P,), and B2 (F, x P2) derivatives. The experiment was conducted for two years on silt loam dryland on the Ashland Agronomy Farm, Manhattan, Kansas. In 1980, the parents, FI hybrids, and 'Newton' as the standard were planted in a randomized complete block design with three blocks, six genotypes, three plots/genotype/ block, and three rows/plot. Rows were spaced 17.5 cm apart and 90 cm long. One hundred seeds were seeded per plot. The F,, F2, B1 (F, x P1), and B2 (F, x P2) populations of the two crosses were made in the same year. In 1981, the parents, F1, F2, B1, and B2 populations of the two crosses were planted in a randomized complete block design with four blocks and 11 plots/block. Plots consisted of three rows 200 cm long, with 30 cm between rows and 5 cm between seed in each row. There were 120 seeds/plot (40/ row) for each entry. The borders between plots were Newton. In 1980, 10 random spikes from each plot were sampled. In 1981, 10 random plants from parental lines and F1's, and 20 random plants from F2's and backcrosses from each plot were sampled in order to record observations for all of these populations. The term sterility will be used to denote the non-development of grains in the spikelet as well as in the spikelets. In the case of the tip sterility, the flowers are present in the spikelet but they fail to develop seed and the spikelet dries up. In the case of basal sterility, the spikelets are small and rudimentary and the flowers also fail to develop seed. The following measurements were recorded for each character. Basal-spikelet sterility. Number of sterile spikelets at the base of the spike on the tallest tiller. Tip-spikelet sterility. Number of sterile spikelets at the of the spike on the tallest tiller. Spikelets/spike. Number of seed-bearing spikelets per spike on the tallest tiller. Seed/spike. Number of seed on the spike of the tallest tiller. Grain weight. Weight in grams of seed on the spike of the tallest tiller. Kernel weight. Average weight in grams of the seed on the spike of the tallest tiller. Analyses of variance for all characters were calculated. Gene effects as calculated by the deviation of the heterozygote F, from the mid-parent were estimated using Mather's (1949) formula. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.162 on Thu, 11 Aug 2016 06:24:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 106 TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE F, mid-parent Deviation = 1/2(P, P2) Warner's (1952) method of estimating heritability from the variances of three types of segregating populations, the F2(VF2) and the backcrosses to each parent (V,, and VB2) were employed to obtain heritability values in" @default.
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• W2333508357 title "Inheritance of Six Yield Components of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)" @default.
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