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• W2334392980 abstract "Investigations of the early intramolluscan development of Echinostoma paraensei in juvenile M-line snails, Biomphalaria glabrata, have revealed the presence of a previously uncharacterized stage, a morphologically and behaviorally specialized mother redia, here termed the precocious mother redia (PMR). The PMR, which is produced in a sporocyst attached to the inner surface of the host's ventricle, develops before other mother rediae and is released as early as 6 days post-exposure (DPE). Unlike all other mother rediae later produced by the sporocyst, it attaches to the ventricle wall adjacent to the sporocyst and remains there for at least 31 days. It develops a long, sinuous body and a pharynx approximately twice as large as that of any other mother or daughter redia present. Developing rapidly, the PMR releases daughter rediae at 10 DPE, about 2 days before other mother rediae. When snails containing a single intraventricular sporocyst were challenged by exposure to additional miracidia, fewer challenge sporocysts were observed subsequently in the ventricle than in control snails; this effect was greater if the PMR of the original infection had emerged and was present in the ventricle. The proportion of challenge sporocysts that reached the ventricle but then subsequently disappeared or failed to develop also increased significantly in snails in which a PMR was present. These results suggest that the PMR is specialized to protect the sporocyst and that it is capable of adversely affecting the development of challenge sporocysts. This mode of development was not observed in two other echinostome species (Echinostoma liei and E. trivolvis) examined. Additional key words: Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, Trematoda, parasite development, antagonistic interactions Echinostoma paraensei is a digenetic trematode that reproduces sexually in the intestine of mammalian hosts and asexually in freshwater pulmonate snails of the genus Biomphalaria (Lie & Basch 1967). Miracidia hatch from eggs, penetrate the head-foot region of an appropriate snail (first intermediate host), and transform into sporocysts, which usually, but not always, develop in the ventricle of the heart. Sporocysts produce mother rediae that either remain in the heart or migrate to the digestive gland-gonad complex and in turn produce numerous daughter rediae. Depending on environmental conditions, cercariae begin to emerge from the infected snails around 4 weeks post-infection (Huffman & Fried 1990). E. paraensei is used in our laboratory to study snail and parasite immunological interactions. In the course a Author for correspondence. E-mail: ksapp@unm.edu of other experiments, we observed something peculiar about the intramolluscan development of E. paraensei. A single large redia invariably developed adjacent to the sporocyst in which it was produced, and never left this position. No such pattern of development was explicitly noted in the original life-history description of E. paraensei (Lie & Basch 1967). This preliminary observation led us to re-examine the early stages of larval development and raised some specific questions regarding the development of digenetic trematodes within their molluscan host. Accordingly, we have focused our investigation on two questions. First, does the redial stage described above exhibit specialized developmental, anatomical, or behavioral features that allow it to establish an infection in the snail host? Second, is there evidence for antagonistic interactions between this peculiar redia and challenge sporocysts? This content downloaded from 157.55.39.178 on Sun, 24 Jul 2016 06:12:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Intramolluscan development of a unique mother redia" @default.
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• W2334392980 date "1998-01-01" @default.
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• W2334392980 title "Intramolluscan Development of the Digenean Echinostoma paraensei: Rapid Production of a Unique Mother Redia That Adversely Affects Development of Conspecific Parasites" @default.
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• W2334392980 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3226848" @default.
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