FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2334756805> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2334756805 endingPage "137" @default.
• W2334756805 startingPage "137" @default.
• W2334756805 abstract "I assessed nesting success and productivity of seven montane forest birds in Malawi (Africa) from observations of adult behavior and fledglings. This is because visits to nests appeared to increase predation in some species. Secondary productivity (0.4-1.9 young/breeding pair) was low as a result of small clutches, short breeding seasons and, in some species, low nesting success. Most species were capable of replacing failed clutches, but second broods were suspected in only one species, the moustached green tinkerbird (Pogoniulus leucomystax). In the majority of species the first breeding attempt was delayed until the age of 2 years. Unfavorable environmental conditions in some seasons were associated with decreased secondary productivity, and some pairs even refrained from attempting to breed. There is evidence of nonbreeding adults in 21 species. In two closely-studied passerine species, the adult nonbreeding element constituted 50-80 percent of the population, reducing the overall productivity to 0.15-0.5 young per 2 adults. THE PATTERNS OF AVIAN BREEDING DYNAMICS in the tropics have been little studied. The present investigations, carried out for three successive seasons in south-central Africa, may improve understanding of the behavioral ecology of bird populations in tropical environments. During ecological studies of the forest birds of the Nyika Plateau in Malawi (Dowsett-Lemaire, 1983d), I followed the breeding histories of seven of the more common species. Data on breeding success and productivity were obtained without checking nest contents because visits to nests appeared to increase predation. In some species breeding productivity varied with changes in environmental conditions. Evidence for deferred breeding and an important surplus of nonbreeding birds is also presented. STUDY AREA AND METHODS The Nyika Plateau lies between 10 and 1 1OS, mostly in Malawi, with a salient of territory in Zambia. Between 2000 and 2500 m altitude, the plateau consists of extensive gently rolling montane grasslands, with small, scattered patches of evergreen forest. The main study area is on the southwestern slopes, on both sides of the international border, at 2150-2225 m. A general account of the study area and the forest habitat is given elsewhere (Dowsett-Lemaire, 1983d); see also Dowsett-Lemaire (1983a, b) for two hole-nesting species, olive woodpecker (Dendropicos griseocephalus) and Waller's red-winged starling (Onychognathus walleri). I lived on the Nyika Plateau from late October 1979 to March 1982. Of the seven common species studied in detail, four have open nests: olive-flanked robin (Cossypha anomala), starred robin (Pogonocichia stellata), cape batis (Batis capensis) and white-tailed crested flycatcher (Elminia albonotata); data on breeding cover three seasons. The other three species are hole nesters: moustached green tinkerbird (Pogoniulus leucomystax), Dendropicos griseocephalus and Onychognathus walleri. They were well studied only in 1980 and 1981 because their breeding seasons start earlier (July-August). Data on breeding success of Pogoniulus leucomystax, Cossypha anomala, Pogonocichia stellata, Batis capensis and Elminia albonotata were collected in small patches of forest, from 0.16 to 1.80 ha in size. Ten of these patches (0.16-1.20 ha) were regularly mistnetted (mostly by R. J. Dowsett) and all birds caught were color banded. In addition, I visited 12 other patches (0.2-1.8 ha), which were inhabited by no more than one or two pairs of any species, and so the identification of territorial pairs posed no difficulty. R. J. Dowsett was also regularly mistnetting in a 25-ha arm of a larger forest. Banding was begun there in 1972 and was conducted for 3 weeks in 1973, 1975 and 1977. Altogether 2030 birds of 33 species were banded: 444 (22%) of these were recaptured or resighted in subsequent seasons, and another 256 (13%) monitored again in the same season. This large banding sample provided data on age at first breeding and number of nesting attempts per season. Territories were checked every 15 to 18 days throughout the breeding season. Nests of the three hole-nesting species were watched at safe distances (in order to cause no disturbance to the birds). In the four open-nest species, nests were not looked for; success of individual pairs was determined by the appearance of fledglings. My choice of the species studied was influenced not only by their abundance but also by the ease with which successful breeding I Received 2 September 1983, revised 12 March 1984, accepted 14 March 1984. 2 Present address: P.O. Box 313, Knysna 6570, South Africa. BIOTROPICA 17(2): 137-144 1985 137 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.21 on Tue, 27 Sep 2016 04:13:15 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TABLE 1. Monthly temperature data from Chilinda (2300 in), Nyika Plateau, Africa. Temp. Month (OC) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean max. 19 20 19 18 18 17 17 18 19 21 21 20 Mean min. 11 11 11 11 7 4 5 6 8 10 11 11 N years 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 14 15 14 13 could be detected, e.g., persistent calling of fledglings and well-marked alarm behavior of parents. In the four opennest species, fledglings are dependent on their parents for a long period-at least 5 weeks after leaving the nest. Nomenclature follows Benson et al. (1971) except where amended by Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1980) and Short (1980). Common names of species not mentioned in the text will be found in Table 4. Primary productivity refers to the size of clutches, and secondary productivity to the number of young fledged per nest. BREEDING SEASONS AND WEATHER CONDITIONS.-Breeding on the Nyika is markedly seasonal; most species are active at the end of the dry season (September-October) and at the onset of the rains (November-December) (Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire, 1984). The single rainy season lasts about 6 months, until April or early May, and total annual rainfall averaged 1530 mm in the 3 years of study. The local climate is essentially cool, with monthly mean maxima around 20?C (Table 1). The months of November and December are a key period for the feeding of young Pogonocichla, Batis and Elminia; environmental conditions at this time over the 3 seasons varied as follows. In November and December 1979, the rainfall was spread throughout each month (Table 2), and typically midday storms were followed by sunny afternoons. In contrast, November was dry in 1980 and 1981, and although rainfall increased in December, it was concentrated at certain times in the month, in the form of very heavy storms normally followed by cloudy afternoons. A dry spell in the middle of the month was characterized by strong easterly winds and cold temperatures. The lack of rain in November (particularly important at that time for insect emergences), then its pattern of occurrence in December, appeared to make feeding conditions for insectivorous birds much less favorable in 1980 and 1981 than in the previous year. Annual rainfall was relatively low in 1980-81 (1314 mm, compared to 1881 mm in 1979-80), and the second half of the 1981 dry season obviously suffered from this. There was much foliage loss, apparent insect scarcity and total fruit abortion in several common tree species. The drought conditions of September-November 1981 evidently affected productivity of some early-breeding" @default.
• W2334756805 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2334756805 creator A5004970049 @default.
• W2334756805 date "1985-06-01" @default.
• W2334756805 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2334756805 title "Breeding Productivity and the Non-Breeding Element in Some Montane Forest Birds in Malawi, South-Central Africa" @default.
• W2334756805 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/2388506" @default.
• W2334756805 hasPublicationYear "1985" @default.
• W2334756805 type Work @default.
• W2334756805 sameAs 2334756805 @default.
• W2334756805 citedByCount "12" @default.
• W2334756805 countsByYear W23347568052015 @default.
• W2334756805 countsByYear W23347568052021 @default.
• W2334756805 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2334756805 hasAuthorship W2334756805A5004970049 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConcept C139719470 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConcept C18903297 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConcept C204983608 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConcept C205649164 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConcept C23519681 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConcept C54286561 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConceptScore W2334756805C139719470 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConceptScore W2334756805C162324750 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConceptScore W2334756805C18903297 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConceptScore W2334756805C204983608 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConceptScore W2334756805C205649164 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConceptScore W2334756805C23519681 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConceptScore W2334756805C54286561 @default.
• W2334756805 hasConceptScore W2334756805C86803240 @default.
• W2334756805 hasIssue "2" @default.
• W2334756805 hasLocation W23347568051 @default.
• W2334756805 hasOpenAccess W2334756805 @default.
• W2334756805 hasPrimaryLocation W23347568051 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W1968962660 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W2031542487 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W2032521526 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W2218127030 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W2321553834 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W2587984172 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W3092467755 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W4243272588 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W4247393520 @default.
• W2334756805 hasRelatedWork W4382004787 @default.
• W2334756805 hasVolume "17" @default.
• W2334756805 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2334756805 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2334756805 magId "2334756805" @default.
• W2334756805 workType "article" @default.