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• W2334787537 abstract "Viral hepatitis was previously described as epidemic jaundice and has been known to exist since ancient civilizations. The contagious nature of the illness was suspected even in the 8th century AD. Records from major military campaigns from the 18th to 20th centuries, including the American Civil War and the First and Second World Wars, reported that campaign jaundice caused significant morbidity of the troops and impacted war strategies. Epidemiological observations from research in the late 19th century, including human experimentation in the 20th century, led to the gradual identification of an infectious hepatitis agent transmitted by oral-fecal transmission [known later as Hepatitis A virus (HAV)] and a serum hepatitis agent transmitted by inoculation or transfusion of serum, blood or plasma. Experiments that involved feeding and injecting infected feces and serum into volunteered military personnel, prisoners, psychiatric patients, and mentally retarded children raised issues of informed consent and mental competency. Not until the 1960s was one of the causative agents of serum hepatitis, the hepatitis B virus (HBV), discovered. Further research led to the discovery of additional hepatitis viruses (HCV, HDV, HEV, HGV). This paper presents a chronological overview of the gradual discovery of the causative agents of viral hepatitis. Viral hepatitis was previously described as epidemic jaundice and has been known to exist since ancient civilizations. The contagious nature of the illness was suspected even in the 8th century AD. Records from major military campaigns from the 18th to 20th centuries, including the American Civil War and the First and Second World Wars, reported that campaign jaundice caused significant morbidity of the troops and impacted war strategies. Epidemiological observations from research in the late 19th century, including human experimentation in the 20th century, led to the gradual identification of an infectious hepatitis agent transmitted by oral-fecal transmission [known later as Hepatitis A virus (HAV)] and a serum hepatitis agent transmitted by inoculation or transfusion of serum, blood or plasma. Experiments that involved feeding and injecting infected feces and serum into volunteered military personnel, prisoners, psychiatric patients, and mentally retarded children raised issues of informed consent and mental competency. Not until the 1960s was one of the causative agents of serum hepatitis, the hepatitis B virus (HBV), discovered. Further research led to the discovery of additional hepatitis viruses (HCV, HDV, HEV, HGV). This paper presents a chronological overview of the gradual discovery of the causative agents of viral hepatitis." @default.
• W2334787537 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2334787537 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W2334787537 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W2334787537 title "Historical path of discovery of viral hepatitis and the role of human experimentation" @default.
• W2334787537 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pat.0000454465.46581.10" @default.
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