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• W2334885767 abstract "Comparison of white-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica) and mourning dove (Z. macroura) callcount indices and September hunting success in Arizona indicated that regression coefficients for these relationships were significantly different from zero (P 0.05). Further correlation analysis showed that call counts were probably a valid survey technique to measure population levels of white-winged and mourning doves and that the mourning dove call-count index could be used with reasonable accuracy to forecast early fall hunting success in Arizona. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 40(4):743-749 Audio surveys of breeding season calls have been and are used widely to measure the relative abundance of a variety of game and nongame birds, e.g., those for ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) (Ammann and Ryel 1963), sooty grouse (Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus) (Rogers 1963), lesser prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pallidicinctus) (Jackson and DeArment 1963), bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) (Rosene 1957, Tomlinson 1972), mourning dove (Ruos 1974a), clapper rail (Rallus longirostris) (Gould 1975, Admin. Rep. 75-2, California Dept. Fish Game, Sacramento), and the annual Breeding Bird Survey coordinated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The main object of these surveys is to obtain a relative population index based on the number of male birds giving a breeding, territorial, or announcement call, and/ or the number or volume of these calls in a given area over a given period. Smith and Gallizioli (1965) found that a call-count index could be used to predict accurately fall hunting success for Gambel quail (Lophortyx gambelii) in the local areas where surveys were conducted. They showed that for this species the intensity and frequency of calling were not only an index of population levels but were an even better index of breeding activity, eventual productivity, and fall population levels. Regional call-count data were used by Bennitt (1951) to predict fall population levels of bobwhite quail in Missouri. His and similar findings by Rosene (1957) were later challenged by Norton et al. (1961:401-402), who noted that the average departure of the mean annual hunting success over the 10year study period was only 10 percent. Because Bennitt (1951:24) found that his average departure of predicted hunting success from the actual hunting success was 7.2 percent, the accuracy in predicting statewide hunting success was improved by only 3 percent by using the call-count index as opposed to using the 10-year average as an estimate of success. However, the reliability of Bennitt's call-count index in approximating hunting success in a general region of apparent relatively stable fall populations is in no way invalidated by these criticisms. Collective call-count data are used to determine regional and nationwide population indices for morning doves (Ruos 1974b) and woodcock (Philohela minor) (Artmann 1975). No standard method of determining regional hunting success or fall population levels for these species is available, and the existence of any relationship between calling activity and productivity 1 Contribution of Arizona Federal Aid Projects W-53-R and W-78-R. J. Wildl. Manage. 40 (4):1976 743 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.209 on Sat, 14 May 2016 06:14:43 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 744 DOVE CALL COUNTS AND HUNTING SUCCESS Brown and Smith and fall population levels has yet to be demonstrated adequately. This fact has led to the criticism that the dove call-count survey is a measure of matedness and as such may not reflect spring population levels, much less productivity and fall population levels (e.g., Kiel 1960, Gallizioli 1961). Band recoveries indicate that most of the banded mourning doves and virtually all white-winged doves shot during the September (early) season in Arizona are birds raised in the state (Kufeld 1963, Spec. Rep., P-R Proj. 53-R-13, Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix). Very few of the doves banded in Arizona have been recovered as first-year recoveries outside the state during September. Furthermore, the relatively few mourning doves banded in other states and recovered the same year during the September season in Arizona are usually from a contiguous biotic community or physiographic province in an adjacent state. Because of this it seemed reasonable to assume that early fall population levels of mourning and/or white-winged doves in Arizona could be related to a preceding statewide call-count index, if the index were indeed related to dove abundance or breeding activity. If it is assumed hunting success is a function of the number of birds available, then comparison of the statewide call-count index with early fall hunting success would test the validity of the call-count index as a measurement of population levels in Arizona. Another important assumption was that breeding success in Arizona was relatively constant and/or calling activity anticipated breeding success. The original establishment of call-count routes, stratified by vegetative type, was by R. C. Kufeld. J. L. Stair initiated call-count surveys for white-winged doves. Without their contributions and the conscientious efforts of the numerous participants in the call-count surveys, this study would not have been possible. We would like to express our appreciation to R. Tomlinson, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for his encouragement, suggestions, and review of the manuscript. M. Reeves and J. Ruos, Migratory Bird Populations Station, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, provided valuable comments for which we are indeed grateful. BACKGROUND AND METHODS Mourning dove call-count surveys have been conducted in Arizona since 1952 in conjunction with the nationwide call-count survey under the direction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Observers record the number of calling mourning doves on assigned routes once each year between 20 May and 10 June. Each route has 20 threeminute listening stations spaced at 1-mile intervals. Beginning in 1957 a second observer recorded the number of calling white-winged doves on those routes in Arizona where both species could be expected. With this exception, the conduct of the surveys in Arizona has remained as outlined by Foote (1959, unpubl. rep.) and more recently Ruos (1974a). The selection of mourning dove survey routes within Arizona was randomized in 1961. Immediately prior to the 1962 dove surveys, the number of routes was increased from 35 to ,54 and routes were relocated and stratified within major vegetative types according to Nichol (1952). The number of random routes selected within a given vegetative stratum was influenced by the size of the stratum, variability of call counts within the stratum, and the cost to run a survey route in that stratum (Cochran 1953: 75). This system of stratified random sampling and the increased number of routes increased the statistical precision of the state's dove call-count index by 31 percent over that resulting from a simple random selection of the statewide mourning dove J. Wildl. Manage. 40(4):1976 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.209 on Sat, 14 May 2016 06:14:43 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms DOVE CALL COUNTS AND HUNTING SUCCESS Brown and Smith 745 Table 1. Stratification of mourning and white-winged dove call-count survey routes in Arizona by vegetative type. Stratum No. Vegetative type weight routes Mourning doves Sonoran Desert 0.323 19 Mohave Desert 0.0'36 5 Desert-grassland 0.072 5 Great Basin Desert 0.240 10 Chaparral and sclerophyll woodland 0.086 5 Conifer forest and woodland 01.243 10 Total 1.000 54 White-winged doves Desertscrub 0.693 22 Desert-grassland 0.140 5 Chaparral and sclerophyll woodland 0.167 5 Total 1.000 32 survey routes. There was also a 36 percent increase in the statistical precision of the white-winged dove survey, according to Kufeld (1964, Job Completion Rep., P-R Proj. 53-R-14, Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix). Kufeld also found that vegetative stratification produced a more precise index than did stratification by physiographic provinces. A dove call-count index derived from 54 mourning dove and 32 white-winged dove survey routes stratified by vegetative type (Table 1) has been standardized and used to measure spring population levels of mourning and whitewinged doves in Arizona annually since 1962. The precision of the survey is such that estimated changes of 35 percent or more in the average call-count index are likely to be statistically significant (Kufeld 1964). The early mourning dove and whitewinged dove seasons have traditionally opened concurrently on 1 September. Since 1962, the length of these seasons has varied annually between 12 and 28 days (Table 2). The bag limit on mourning doves during this period has been set at 10/day except from 1964 through 1967 when a 12bird limit was authorized. The bag limit on Table 2. Summary of mourning dove and white-winged dove September (early) season regulations in Arizona, 1962-75." @default.
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• W2334885767 title "Predicting Hunting Success from Call Counts of Mourning and White-Winged Doves" @default.
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