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• W2334974417 abstract "DURING the course of some 20 years of herpetological investigations in Guatemala, I have been impressed by the faunal break that is so obvious in the neighborhood of the 1500 m. contour. I have been led, in fact, to recognize two major herpetological assemblages in the country, highlanders as opposed to lowlanders, the common boundary of which approximates that isopleth. During 1947, efforts were made to examine several physiological qualities in two species of Bufo, typical of this vertical pattern, that might account for their zonal restrictions. Though increasing altitude carries many environmental implications, decreasing temperature and reduced partial oxygen pressure of the atmosphere seemed especially suggestive as limiting factors, and investigations into two physiological qualities associated with these conditions, temperature tolerances and hemoglobin values, were undertaken. Because of their high degree of tolerance to environmental conditions within their respective ranges, their abundance, and their geographic and systematic isolation one from the other, the lowland Bufo marinus (Linnaeus) (s.l.) and the highland Bufo bocourti Brocchi were selected for study. Bufo marinus, or some variant thereof, is distributed throughout the American tropics from the United States to Argentina. It is tolerant to environments that run the gamut from tropical rain forest to desert. Its upper limit in Guatemala is about 1500 m. Bufo bocourti, in contrast, is known only from the plateaus of Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico, where it, too, shows a high degree of tolerance to local microenvironments. Its vertical limits extend from 1700 m. to possible 3600 m. Since both species are essentially nocturnal, the following discussion will consider their physiological functions in relation to nocturnal environmental conditions. Throughout this paper temperatures are given in degrees centigrade, elevations in meters, weights in grams, and lengths in millimeters. I take this opportunity to express my thanks to Mr. A. L. Bump, manager of the Tiquisate Division of the United Fruit Company in Guatemala, and to his staff, especially the company veterinarian, Dr. Marion Cox, for the many courtesies shown me during my sojourn in the Tiquisate region. Doctors Lee R. Dice and Charles F. Walker, both of the University of Michigan, have offered me many suggestions and aided me with literature connected with this study, and Dr. Charles M. Bogert of the American Museum of Natural History has reviewed my data critically. For their constructive criticisms I am sincerely grateful. Dr. Cecil C. Craig of the University of Michigan aided in the statistical analysis of the data con. tained herein. Financial support for my studies in Guatemala during 1947 was supplied by the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies." @default.
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• W2334974417 date "1951-08-31" @default.
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• W2334974417 title "The Distributional Implications of Temperature Tolerances and Hemoglobin Values in the Toads Bufo marinus (Linnaeus) and Bufo bocourti Brocchi" @default.
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