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- W2335394472 abstract "Three great schisms in political culture of France have assured fragmentation of electoral competition for better part of this century. One of these is Catholic-anti-Catholic, which has generally divided Right from Left. Second is proconstitutional-anticonstitutional, which has separated extremes from Center. Most recently, Communist-anti-Communist split has set far I,eft apart from everyone else. In years following World War II, cross-cutting nature of these schisms led quite naturally to what Philip Williams has called the problem of majority.1 Prior to Gaullist breakthrough of 1958, France was governed by successive crises of majority. The fall of a cabinet was often necessary to achieve passage of important legislation, a situation which led progressively to demoralization of political system, and, in later years of Fourth Republic, to immobilisme. Few majorities could expect to survive one crisis beyond one with which they were specifically formed to deal, since a new issue was bound to bring different schisms into play, and force erstwhile coalition partners into opposition.2 The Algerian crisis and palpable threat of civil war in 1958 gave France its chance to solve problem of majority, once and for all. In beginning, this was an artificial, imposed solution. General Charles de Gaulle returned to Matignon; but his Constitution and his governing majorities were voted by an electorate which was expressing its gratitude to savior of republic. There was no real reform of schismatic political culture in 1958. The motive of gratitude might support a government for a while; but standing in 1958 and looking ahead, there was no reason to think that post-de Gaulle period would be any different from pre-de Gaulle. The intervening seventeen years have obviously caused a reassessment of that prediction. Post-Gaullism has come, and a stable regime of Right remains. In National Assembly, a Gaullist majority was returned again in elections of 1973.3 At level of presidency, elections of 1974 brought an end to sixteen years of de Gaulle-Georges Pompidou administration. But, as we shall see, election of Valery Giscard-d'Estaing, a long-time ally of Union des Democrats pour la Republique (UDR) and decisively a man of 272" @default.
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- W2335394472 date "1976-01-01" @default.
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- W2335394472 title "On the Prospects of Polarization in the French Electorate" @default.
- W2335394472 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/421329" @default.
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