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- W2335744545 abstract "We collected about 850 female Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in south- ern Ontario in six breeding seasons to determine the average number of eggs laid annually by a cowbird. We estimated this number by multiplying the length in days of the laying season of an average female by the average daily laying rate. In each of 1965 and 1976, two unexceptional years, the laying season was about 56 days and the average daily laying rate was 0.73 eggs (95% confidence limits of 0.65-0.80 eggs). Thus, an average female cowbird lays annually about 40 eggs. As she lives for about two breeding seasons, her lifetime fecundity is about 80 eggs. This estimate is consistent with estimates of cowbird survival: 0.15 from egg to fledging, 0.50 from fledging to independence, and 0.40 from independence to adulthood. Received 5 December 1979, We collected about 850 female cowbirds throughout the complete breeding seasons of 1962, 1965, and 1976 and in limited periods of the breeding seasons of 1966, 1967, and 1977 from an area of about 2,000 kmcentered on London, Ontario. Usually we collected by shooting, but in late June and early July, when flocks appear, we also netted birds. In 1965 we had repeatedly sampled from three areas. The removal of some birds at the first sampling might have been followed by an abnormal influx of replacement birds or by changes in the reproductive activity of the survivors because of an increase in the ratio of hosts to cowbirds. In either event, sub- sequent samples from the same area might no longer have been representative of an undisturbed popu- lation. Accordingly, in 1976, to avoid this potential bias, we collected each weekly sample (except three in July from one cattle feedlot) from different areas at least 8 km apart. Ovaries, and oviducts if collected, were fixed in Bouin's solution or in 10% buffered formalin. Oviducts were weighed to the nearest 0.01 g. The presence of postovulatory follicles was recorded in 1965, 1967, 1976, and 1977. Scott and Ankney (1979) give more details about collecting." @default.
- W2335744545 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2335744545 date "1980-01-01" @default.
- W2335744545 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2335744545 title "FECUNDITY OF THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD" @default.
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