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- W2335772992 abstract "Two experiments investigated people's memory for evidence in a detective story, exploring in particular the ways in which memory can be distorted by a person's interpretation of that evidence. In Experiment 1, subjects listened to ambiguous, unsolved crime stories; they were then asked to judge which of two suspects was the guilty one, to accurately recall the stories, and finally, to attempt recognition of target and distractor sentences. Subjects selectively recounted and recognized evidence that was consistent with their decision, and they generated inferences that further supported their interpretation. In Experiment 2, separate assessments were made of the effects of judgment and recall on subsequent recognition. Relative to subjects who made no judgment, those who did distorted their recognition responses in line with that verdict. They tended to recognize sentences that were consistent with their decision and often failed to recognize incongruent statements. Intervening recall did not influence recognition performance. These data are discussed in terms of schema theory. When people listen to a story and attempt to understand or make some interpretation of it, they may selectively process salient information and disregard less important material. This very activity can have profound effects on the nature of a person's memory for that story. Bartlett (1932) suggested that people remember information with relevance to personal attitudes or interests. Anderson and Pichert (1977) showed that subjects could attend selectively to story details consistent with one perspective on a story and not with another. In a study conducted by Owens, Bower, and Black (1979), subjects' beliefs about a character's motives influenced the way they remembered certain texts. Studies of cognitive consistency (Feather, 1969; Vidmar, 1972) demonstrated that people tend to seek out and recall information that supports a previous decision and to avoid information that is inconsistent with that choice. The present experiments are concerned with how people remember information after they have heard and made an interpreta" @default.
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- W2335772992 date "1981-09-01" @default.
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- W2335772992 title "Whodunit? Memory for Evidence in Text" @default.
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- W2335772992 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1422258" @default.
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