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- W2337112121 abstract "Understanding cell differentiation in multicellular organisms remains one of the central questions of biology. According to the prevailing view of contemporary developmental biology, differentiation of multicellular organisms is based on precisely regulated communication between cells via diffusible molecules or direct cell-to-cell contacts. These signals are the basis of embryonic induction, where one cell instructs others to adopt a particular developmental fate. A molecular signal is supposed to initiate differentiation by specifically activating one or several regulatory genes, which, in turn, also specifically activate other downstream regulator and/or effector genes. The activation of such a regulatory cascade leads to the expression of a new set of genes that progressively guides the cell toward commitment into a lineage and ultimately to its differentiated state. This process of hierarchically ordered and sequential expression of genes is usually referred to as a ‘genetic program’. The role of the regulatory genes is, of course, crucial, since they code for the ‘instructions’ of the program in the form of transcription factors that are able to bind nucleotide sequence motifs in the regulatory regions of the target genes and initiate the process of transcription by recruiting the other components of the transcription machinery. The elementary event of the whole process is the activation of a previously inactive individual gene. How does the activation occur? The current view is based on the idea that the default state of a gene is repressed and it is targeted for activation by specific factors [1]. On the other hand, assembly of the DNA into chromatin makes the interaction of the transcription complex proteins with the promoter of an inactive gene impossible because the stable chromatin structure prevents access of the proteins CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 60 (2003) 1775–1178 1420-682X/03/091175-4 DOI 10.1007/s00018-003-23147-z © Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 2003 CMLS Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences" @default.
- W2337112121 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2337112121 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W2337112121 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2337112121 title "Visions & Reflections Stochastic gene expression during cell differentiation: order from disorder?" @default.
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