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- W2337297954 abstract "A reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 concentration from boron isotopes recorded in planktonic foraminifera examines climate–carbon interactions over the past tens of millions of years and confirms a strong linkage between climate and atmospheric CO2. Previous efforts to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 levels prior to the observational record from ice cores have suffered from methodological problems, but here Eleni Anagnostou et al. present a new reconstruction of Eocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations from boron isotopes stored in planktonic foraminifera that helps to plug the gap in an important period of the palaeoclimate record. Absolute values remain unclear, but were probably about 1,400 parts per million during a period of peak warmth around 52 million years ago. From then until the rise of the Antarctic Ice Sheet about 33.6 million years ago, CO2 declined by about half, confirming a strong link between climate and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, which occurred about 51 to 53 million years ago)1, was the warmest interval of the past 65 million years, with mean annual surface air temperature over ten degrees Celsius warmer than during the pre-industrial period2,3,4. Subsequent global cooling in the middle and late Eocene epoch, especially at high latitudes, eventually led to continental ice sheet development in Antarctica in the early Oligocene epoch (about 33.6 million years ago). However, existing estimates place atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels during the Eocene at 500–3,000 parts per million5,6,7, and in the absence of tighter constraints carbon–climate interactions over this interval remain uncertain. Here we use recent analytical and methodological developments8,9,10,11 to generate a new high-fidelity record of CO2 concentrations using the boron isotope (δ11B) composition of well preserved planktonic foraminifera from the Tanzania Drilling Project, revising previous estimates6. Although species-level uncertainties make absolute values difficult to constrain, CO2 concentrations during the EECO were around 1,400 parts per million. The relative decline in CO2 concentration through the Eocene is more robustly constrained at about fifty per cent, with a further decline into the Oligocene12. Provided the latitudinal dependency of sea surface temperature change for a given climate forcing in the Eocene was similar to that of the late Quaternary period13, this CO2 decline was sufficient to drive the well documented high- and low-latitude cooling that occurred through the Eocene14. Once the change in global temperature between the pre-industrial period and the Eocene caused by the action of all known slow feedbacks (apart from those associated with the carbon cycle) is removed2,3,4, both the EECO and the late Eocene exhibit an equilibrium climate sensitivity relative to the pre-industrial period of 2.1 to 4.6 degrees Celsius per CO2 doubling (66 per cent confidence), which is similar to the canonical range (1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius15), indicating that a large fraction of the warmth of the early Eocene greenhouse was driven by increased CO2 concentrations, and that climate sensitivity was relatively constant throughout this period." @default.
- W2337297954 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2337297954 date "2016-04-25" @default.
- W2337297954 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2337297954 title "Changing atmospheric CO2 concentration was the primary driver of early Cenozoic climate" @default.
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