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• W2337474711 abstract "Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) is the major problem for the indoor localization. So as to deal with NLOS propagation, a novel NLOS identification method is proposed based on the skewness and slope of the (energy detection) ED-based received energy block. IEEE 802.15.3c 60 GHz channel models are used as examples to be explained in detail. The proposed approach relies on the ED-based parameters which make it simple. Numerical simulations results show that the accuracy of NLOS identification up to 80% which is higher than other ED-based NLOS identification. Introduction Advances in the 60GHz millimeter wave, the wireless communications in the 60 GHz frequency band have attracted various attentions from both academia and industry for the past few years. According to the Federal Communications Commission, the unlicensed frequency spectrum between 57 and 64GHz for commercial use is freed, offering up to 7GHz in bandwidth [1]. Consequently, the various complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices are expected to achieve several Gbps data rates and will be able to support the bandwidth intensive, upcoming applications such as High-Definition Television. Moreover, the 60GHz is a key enabler of future, gigabits wireless networks, which encompasses next generation cellular communications [2] and body area networks [3]. The propagation range of millimeter wave radio signals, and in particular signals at frequencies around 60GHz, is much more limited than that of radio signals at lower frequencies, as the higher frequency signals are significantly affected by the presence of oxygen and water vapor within the atmosphere. The location of a mobile terminal can be estimated based on different parameters of a received signal, such as the time of arrival, angle of arrival, and/or the received signal strength. Impulse radio-60GHz has a great potential for the accurate ranging and localization systems due to its very wide bandwidth and capability in resolving individual multipath components [4–6]. Therefore, the time of arrival of the received signal can be estimated with high accuracy for the 60 GHz systems if the first arriving path has been identified precisely. One of the major challenges for localization systems is the mitigation of non-line of sight effects. If the direct path between a fixed terminal and the mobile terminal is being obstructed, the time of arrival of the signal to the fixed terminal will be delayed, which introduces a positive bias. Using such non-line of sight time of arrival estimates during the localization of the mobile terminal position may significantly degrade the positioning accuracy. Hence, the fixed terminals that are under the non-line of sight condition have to be identified and their effects have to be mitigated. The non-line of sight identification techniques have been discussed extensively in the literature, but mainly within the cellular network framework [7–13]. For example, in [10], the authors address the NLOS identification problems based on the multiple received signal strength measurements from Wi-Fi signals. Shimizu et al. [12] performed intensive measurements of path-loss and delay-profile characteristics of line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight environments in a suburban residential area. Based on their analysis, they found that the delay spread was dependent on distance, and the 4th National Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (NCEECE 2015) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1546 non-line-of-sight delay spread was found to be several times larger than that of the line-of-sight case. The skewness of delay spread for the non-line-of-sight cases ranged from 80 to 200ns, which was an order of magnitude larger than that of the line-of-sight case. In this paper, a new NLOS identification approach is proposed for the impulse radio 60 GHz signal, which is based on the slope and skewness of energy block of the received signal based on ED. Firstly, we use the energy detect time of arrival estimation algorithm for the estimation the TOA. Secondly, we characterize the slope and skewness of the energy block of the received signal. Finally, we use a threshold test for the NLOS identification. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the signal and channel model. Section 3 describes NLOS identification approach and section 4 presents the results of the numerical simulations. The concluding remarks are given in section 5. System Model Currently, there are two important standards that have been developed for the 60 GHz wireless communications systems, IEEE 802.15.3c and IEEE 802.11ad [14]. In this paper, the channel models in IEEE 802.15. 3c standard are used because it is specifically designed for the wireless personal area networks and thus encompasses typical indoor environments. IEEE 802.15.3c standard was the first developed for high data rate short-range wireless systems. The physical layer was designed to support the transmission of data within a few meters at a maximum data rate of 2 Gbps. These models have been developed for communications in the frequency band 57 to 66 GHz in indoor residential, indoor office and library environments [15-16]. The transmitted 60 GHz signals can be expressed as: ( ) ( ) s j c j s t p t jT C T a e ∞" @default.
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• W2337474711 title "NLOS Identification Based on Energy Receiver Using IEEE 802.15.3c" @default.
• W2337474711 doi "https://doi.org/10.2991/nceece-15.2016.278" @default.
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