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• W2338336176 abstract "AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | 1229 T he Arctic oceans give birth to intense mesoscale low-pressure systems, usually generated by outbreaks of cold, dry polar air over warm water. These systems are called polar lows. The classical polar low is included as a subtype that is restricted to maritime systems with near-surface winds exceeding 15 m s–1. These types of polar lows can exhibit deep convection, a warm core, and lifetimes of a few hours to a few days. Sensible heat fluxes from the oceans play an important role in creating these systems, while latent heat fluxes can become important in their mature and decaying stage. They may appear visually similar to tropical cyclones on satellite imagery with an eyelike feature. Numerical simulations of polar lows are often unsuccessful. This can be due to poor initial and boundary conditions, model resolution, and the choice of cloud microphysical scheme. Due to their rapid genesis, small size, and occurrence over data-sparse oceans, polar lows pose a serious threat to mariners and coastal interests. Polar-orbiting satellite imagery could be culled to develop a useful database of polar lows, improving what we know about them and how they can be simulated. Unlike tropical cyclones, polar lows are not routinely identified and tracked in real time. Their occurrence in high latitudes at the limits of usable geostationary satellite imagery makes tracking difficult. To obtain cases for scientific studies, including the improvement of polar low representation in numerical weather prediction models, these systems must be manually identified and matched with coincident data. The Norwegian Sea Surface Temperature and Altimeter Synergy (STARS) project (http://polarlow .met.no/) has begun to detect and catalogue conditions that are favorable for polar low occurrence. The report of the 12th workshop of the European Polar Low Working Group in the September 2013 issue of BAMS provides an update on the latest polar low science. Satellites are the primary tools used to observe polar lows, but a few aircraft studies have also been performed. The first aircraft lidar observations of a polar low were taken in 2008 over the Norwegian Sea, with highest cloud tops at 7 km. Since 2006, the NASA CloudSat satellite with a 94-GHz cloud radar and its companion lidar-carrying satellite CALIPSO have provided a new view of global clouds. CloudSat provides a nadir-only view of clouds with 240-m vertical resolution and 1.3-by-1.7-km horizontal resolution. A variety of science products—such as radar ref lectivity and derived products including cloud liquid and ice water content, cloud bases and tops, and cloud classification—are available at www.cloudsat. cira.colostate.edu/. To aid in polar low identification, AFFILIATIONS: Forsythe And hAynes—Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: John M. Forsythe, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1375" @default.
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• W2338336176 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2338336176 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2338336176 title "REMOTE SENSING CLOUDSAT OBSERVES A LABRADOR SEA POLAR LOW" @default.
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