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• W2340153413 abstract "ABSTRACTStilt structures in the inter-tidal zone or over shallow water on fringing reefs are widely accepted as a feature of settlements of the Lapita cultural complex in Near Oceania. Claims for similar structures in a pre-Lapita context at the Apalo site in the Arawe Islands, New Britain, Papua New Guinea, have been queried on several grounds. Re-evaluation of the Apalo evidence, together with 10 additional AMS radiocarbon dates, establishes human activity associated with some form of structure and possibly with a ground stone axe about 400–500 years before the Lapita pottery occupation. The paucity of occupational refuse suggests a non-residential structure perhaps associated with water transport. Comparisons with the older Dongan midden site in the Sepik-Ramu basin suggest stilt structures were probably used there as well. An apparent shift in depositional processes between the pre-Lapita and Lapita use of Apalo could reflect changed sea conditions arising from increased ENSO activity.Keywords: Arawe IslandsENSO activityPapua New GuineaPre-Lapitastilt structures Notes1There is no Delta-R value specific to the Arawe Islands, but Petchey and Ulm (2012:fig. 1) include them in their Region 1 value (273 ± 216 years) derived from widely divergent values in the Huon Peninsula area of nearby mainland New Guinea.2In Figure 2 we follow Sutton's (2014:fig. 3.5) revision of the site plan. There are inconsistencies in accounts of TP9 in terms of its location and the extent of the additional squares. TP9 (1 m2) was the last trench excavated at Apalo in 1988. In 1989 it was extended several times to a total of 20 m2 (Sutton 2014). Gosden and Webb (1994:36) describe the excavation as being ‘7 m long and 4 m wide,’ but the trench was stepped to avoid damage to economically important trees and 8 m2 were not excavated. Summerhayes (2000:23, fig. 3.7) places U-L-T inland from four test pits labeled TP9, TP11, TP12, and TP13 excavated in 1989 to link the O-Z and U-L-T areas. His TP9 should be renumbered TP10, as TP9 was incorporated into U-L-T as square L3.3In Summerhayes et al. (1998:table 6.5), the totals for Mopir and Kutau-Bao at FOJ (Apalo) should be transposed.4Hayes (1992:table 5.5) did not distinguish between SU3A and SU3B, and his data is used only for the inclusion of Spondias dulcis L. in Table 4. Canarium mehenbethune Gaertn. in Hayes's list is questionable, as The Plant List (2013) regards its status (as C. mehenbethene Gaertn.) as ‘illegitimate.’ It appears in Table 4 as Canarium sp." @default.
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• W2340153413 date "2016-01-20" @default.
• W2340153413 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2340153413 title "A Pre-Lapita Structure at Apalo, Arawe Islands, Papua New Guinea" @default.
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• W2340153413 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2015.1125972" @default.
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