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- W2340257956 abstract "Africa suffers from a curse inflicted in one of Europe’s most famous and cosmopolitan cities: Berlin. The Berlin conference of 1884–1885, under the supervision of Germany’s »Iron Chancellor,« Otto von Bismarck, carved up Africa into territories that reflected compromises struck between avaricious European imperialists – Britain, France, Portugal, Belgium, Spain, and Germany – rather than the political and economic interests of Africa.1 The European curse of artificial borders has caused untold suffering in post-colonial Africa. However, just as Berlin marked the division of Africa, the gods of Africa wrought their revenge on Europe 76 years after Bismarck’s conference. Many African states gained their independence just as the Berlin wall was being erected in 1961. A city that had symbolized the division of Africa now symbolized the division of Germany and Europe. As Kenyan political scientist Ali Mazrui put it: »Europe was ... sentenced to the same fate to which Europe had previously condemned Africa – partition and artificial frontiers.«2 However, post-independence Africa soon suffered from dozens of conflicts, with the curse of Berlin playing a role in border disputes between Morocco and Algeria; Ghana and Togo; Burkina Faso and Mali; Somalia and Ethiopia; Libya and Chad; and Nigeria and Cameroon. Wars were also fuelled by the superpower rivalries of the Cold War, as well as internal governance deficiencies on the part of autocratic African leaders. Since 1960, 32 wars have killed over 10 million Africans and pro-" @default.
- W2340257956 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2340257956 date "2005-01-01" @default.
- W2340257956 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2340257956 title "The Curse of Berlin: Africa's Security Dilemmas" @default.
- W2340257956 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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