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• W2340743432 abstract "Little information is available on the survival, uptake, and dry mass production of vegetable seedlings and maturing plants in arsenic enriched environments. Such information is however very important to many vegetable growers in areas of subsistent agricultural like Bangladesh or home-gardeners in closer proximity of As sources such as metal smelters. Accordingly we conducted research investigating (i) the germination and radical formation of radish and lettuce seeds at varying As (V) and As (III) concentrations and (ii) radish and lettuce plants in solution culture. Seed germination studies demonstrated that 0.1mM and 0.025mM are toxic threshold levels of As (III and V) for radishes and lettuce, respectively, while As (V) is more toxic to radish seeds than As (III). Arsenic (III and V) impacted both germination and radical development in radish seeds. For lettuce we observed that As had no impact on germination but reduced radical length significantly (p < 0.01). At most equimolar concentrations, As (III) was more toxic than As (V) in lettuce seeds (0.025 – 0.10mM As), a result contrary to those obtained in radish seeds (0.05 – 0.5mM As). The hydroponic growth studies showed that losses and increases in dry weight are a function of absorbed As and are dependent on the source of As: As (V) or As (III). Moreover, the effect of absorbed As (V) or As (III) on dry weight reductions and increases differed between root and shoot portions of the plants and are crop dependent. Tissue-As (originally solution As (V)) was more toxic at the radish root level and tissue-As (originally solution As (III)) was more toxic at the radish shoot level. Conversely for lettuce, As (III) caused reductions in dry weight, while As (V) had a stimulating effect on biomass production. Lower As (V) concentrations in plant tissue throughout the lettuce study and at low As (V) concentrations (0.02mM) in the radish study may be explained by the molar ratio of P:As of approximately 5. From a food nutrition safety standpoint, studies need to concentrate on sub-lethal levels in order to ensure the proper formation of the harvestable portion of the plant. Introduction High levels of arsenic (As) have been reported in areas where arsenicals have been used as pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides (such as in orchards and vineyards) and in areas of mining (Bowell, 1994; Carbonell-Barrachina et al., 1997a; Tamaki and Frankenberger, 1992). Until 1968, As was praised for its efficacy as a pesticide, however, its toxicity and appearance in the human food chain have stirred political and public concern (Walsh and Keeney, 1975). In soil environments, As exists in the +3 or +5 valance state as the oxyanions, arsenite (AsO3 ) and arsenate (AsO4 ), respectively. Their occurrence relative to one another is a function of pH and electrochemical potential (Eh) (Massecheleyn et al., 1991). Typically, As (V) is present under aerobic conditions, while As (III) is the predominant form under waterlogged (anaerobic) conditions. The bioavailability of either form of As in natural waters is regulated by their sorption onto soil colloidal surfaces. Both As (V) and As (III) bind via ligand exchange mechanisms to variably charged surfaces of aluminum and iron oxides, which is dependent on pH. For" @default.
• W2340743432 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2340743432 creator A5006293551 @default.
• W2340743432 date "2000-12-12" @default.
• W2340743432 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2340743432 title "Arsenic Adsorption on Iron Oxides in the Presence of Soluble Organic Carbon and the Influence of Arsenic on Radish and Lettuce Plant Development" @default.
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