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• W2340829076 abstract "RESUMEJusqu’a present, la production industrielle du polylactide (PLA) en Amerique du Nord reposeessentiellement sur la culture du mais, qui est une ressource renouvelable. Toutefois, certainesproblematiques, tels que la surexploitation des terres arables, la hausse du prix des cereales etl’usage abusif de fertilisants chimiques, ont ete soulevees face a la production du mais, surtout ence qui a trait a son utilisation autre qu’alimentaire. Les dechets agroalimentaires seraient unealternative attrayante au mais, de par leur riche contenu en carbohydrates, leur composition stableet leur disponibilite. Ainsi, ils representent un potentiel de valorisation de dechets pour lasynthese du polylactide. Les eaux usees de l’industrie de transformation de la pomme de terrefont partie de cette alternative. Durant la coupe des pommes de terre, un debit d’eau enlevel’exces d’amidon. Cet amidon peut etre recupere par centrifugation.NatureWorks LLC, une division de Cargill, possede la seule usine a grande echelle pour laproduction commerciale de PLA. L’acide lactique produit par Cargill est obtenu par lafermentation de dextrose (D-glucose) provenant de l’hydrolyse d’amidon de mais. L’utilisationd’une bacteria lactique ayant des proprietes amylolytiques, c’est-a-dire pouvant hydrolyser ellememel’amidon, permettrait de reduire les etapes de production du polylactide. Lactobacillusamylophilus, qui est homofermentaire, amylolytique et non-pathogenique, a ete cible commecandidate potentielle pour la production d’acide lactique par fermentation.Une analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) comparative de type berceau a la porte de l’usine (« cradleto-gate ») a ete realisee afin d’evaluer les possibles benefices environnementaux qui pourraientdecouler de la production du polylactide via la fermentation directe d’un residu d’amidon,recupere des eaux usees d’une usine de production de croustilles, avec L. amylophilus. Cetteetude environnementale a ete menee en comparant les impacts de cette methode de production del’acide lactique a celle d’un procede conventionnel a partir de dextrose de mais. Preliminairementa cette etude, des experimentations en laboratoire ont ete realisees et ont demontre la faisabilitemicrobiologique de produire de l’acide lactique avec ce dechet et L. amylophilus. Lespourcentages d’acide lactique obtenus par la fermentation d’un milieu synthetique de glucose, d’amidon de patate commercial et de residu d’amidon ont ete compares. L’analyse des resultatsde l’ACV ont demontre que le polylactide produit a partir de ce residu de la pomme de terre, etdont le procede de production d’acide lactique a subi entre autre une optimisation adequate de saconsommation energetique pourrait avoir des impacts environnementaux au moins equivalents aceux du polylactide produit via le procede conventionnel. Cette analyse du cycle de vie a permisde soulever que l’utilisation de vapeur lors de la concentration de l’acide lactique est unprocessus qui contribue de facon considerable aux impacts sur les ressources et les changementsclimatiques du polylactide. Ainsi, une fermentation menant a une concentration plus faibled’acide lactique requiere une optimisation energetique accrue. Le peu de publications existantessur L. amylophilus et l’inaccessibilite aux donnees industrielles furent partie des contraintesrencontrees pour ce projet.----------ABSTRACTUp to now, the industrial synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) in North America relies essentiallyon the production of corn, which is a renewable resource. However, problems such as overexploitation of fertile soils, the increase of cereal price and the abusive use of chemical fertilizers,have been raised for this crop production, especially for its non-food utilization. Agri-food wastesshow a promising alternative with their rich carbohydrate content, relatively stable compositionand availability. Therefore, they represent an appealing waste valorization target for an eventualPLA production. Potato wastewater is one of these. During the slicing process in potatotransformation, water is used to remove the excess of starch. Starch can be recovered from waterafter proper centrifugations.NatureWorks LLC has the only large-scale commercial production facility of PLA and is totallyowned by Cargill. Lactic acid is presently produced by Cargill with the fermentation of dextrose(D-glucose), from the hydrolysis of corn starch. The use of an amylolytic lactic acid microorganismcould allow the direct fermentation of starch, reducing the processing steps for lacticacid synthesis. Lactobacillus amylophilus, which has homofermentative, amylolytic and nonpathogeniccharacteristics, could be an interesting micro-organism for L-lactic acid production.A comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to evaluate thepotential environmental benefits of producing lactic acid for polylactide usage by directlyfermenting potato waste starch, recuperated from the wastewater of a potato chip facility, with L.amylophilus. This environmental assessment was carried out by comparing its environmentalimpacts to the conventional process of lactic acid fermentation of dextrose from corn.Laboratory-scale experiments were performed and have proven the microbial feasibility ofproducing lactic acid with L. amylophilus and this agribusiness residue. To do so, lactic acidconcentrations obtained from synthetic media fermentations supplied with glucose, commercialpotato starch or potato waste starch were compared. The LCA results have demonstrated thatpolylactide produced from potato waste starch could have, with proper energy and nutrientconcentration optimization, at least more or less the same impact in most end-point categoriesstudied. This LCA has underlined that steam utilization is a major contributor process in climate change and resource depletion impacts and that a fermentation which leads to a more diluted finallactic acid concentration require more energy utilization improvements. The lack of publicationsabout L. amylophilus and the inaccessibility to industrial data proved to be challenges in thisproject." @default.
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• W2340829076 title "Lactic Acid Production from Agribusiness Waste Starch Fermentation with Lactobacillus Amylophilus and its Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment as a Precursor to Poly-L-Lactide" @default.
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