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• W2341027000 endingPage "180" @default.
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• W2341027000 abstract "Live-cell imaging of plant–pathogen interactions is often hampered by the tissue complexity and multicell layered nature of the host. Here, we established a novel pathosystem with the moss Physcomitrella patens as host for Phytophthora. The tip-growing protonema cells of this moss are ideal for visualizing interactions with the pathogen over time using high-resolution microscopy. We tested four Phytophthora species for their ability to infect P. patens and showed that P. sojae and P. palmivora were only rarely capable to infect P. patens. In contrast, P. infestans and P. capsici frequently and successfully penetrated moss protonemal cells, showed intracellular hyphal growth and formed sporangia. Next to these successful invasions, many penetration attempts failed. Here the pathogen was blocked by a barrier of cell wall material deposited in papilla-like structures, a defence response that is common in higher plants. Another common response is the upregulation of defence-related genes upon infection and also in moss we observed this upregulation in tissues infected with Phytophthora. For more advanced analyses of the novel pathosystem we developed a special set-up that allowed live-cell imaging of subcellular defence processes by high-resolution microscopy. With this set-up, we revealed that Phytophthora infection of moss induces repositioning of the nucleus, accumulation of cytoplasm and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, but not of microtubules. Plant diseases caused by pathogens, like fungi and bacteria, cause enormous losses in in agriculture worldwide. Host and pathogen use molecular weapons to battle for control of individual host cells. To visualize the battle and examine the weaponry of plant and pathogen we need advanced microscopy techniques. Leaves of higher plants have a complex structure and consist of multiple cell layers. This complexity and thickness is a major disadvantage for microscopy studies and therefore, we searched for a system that is more suitable for microscopic analyses of the battle between plant and pathogen. The moss Physcomitrella patens has tissues that are only one-cell thick and therefore ideal for visualizing interactions with a pathogen over time using high-resolution microscopy. We then tested four Phytophthora species for their ability to infect this moss. Phytophthora is a water mold, a filamentous microorganism that reproduces via spores and a major plant destroyer. We found two species, P. infestans and P. capsici, that can frequently and successfully penetrate moss cells and cause infection. Next to these successful invasions many penetration attempts failed. Here the pathogen was blocked because the moss reinforced its cell wall. For more advanced analyses of this novel pathosystem we developed a special set-up that appeared to be ideal for live-cell imaging of subcellular defence processes by high-resolution microscopy. We observed that the cell nucleus was often localized near the infection site and that the actin cytoskeleton accumulated around the penetration site. We will combine the novel pathosystem with the imaging set-up to gain further insight into the warfare between plants and their pathogens at the cellular level." @default.
• W2341027000 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2341027000 creator A5031737712 @default.
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• W2341027000 creator A5085328312 @default.
• W2341027000 date "2016-03-30" @default.
• W2341027000 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2341027000 title "Interaction between the moss <i>Physcomitrella patens</i> and <i>Phytophthora</i> : a novel pathosystem for live-cell imaging of subcellular defence" @default.
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• W2341027000 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12395" @default.
• W2341027000 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27027911" @default.
• W2341027000 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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