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• W2341036281 abstract "Effective intervention on challenging behavior begins with accurately identifying the contingencies of reinforcement maintaining such behavior. Once the function(s) of a problem behavior have been identified, individualized treatments can then be developed to extinguish the challenging behavior (cf. Fisher, DeLeon, Rodriguez-Catter, & Keeney, 2004) differentially reinforce a replacement behavior (cf. Watts, Wilder, Gregory, Leon, & Ditzian, 2013), bring the behavior under stimulus control (cf. Thomason-Sassi, Iwata, & Fritz, 2013), or suppress the rate at which the problem behavior occurs (cf. Lerman & Vorndran, 2002). Although technologies have been developed to identify such contingencies of reinforcement (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994; Lambert, Bloom, & Irvin, 2012; Northup et al., 1991; Sigafoos & Saggers, 1995), such functional analyses must be conducted and interpreted by professionals with sufficient training in behavior analysis.In contrast, primary caregivers of children who frequently display problem behaviors (i.e., parents, teachers, and personal care assistants) often rely on hypothetical constructs to describe the cause of problem behavior. Mentalistic approaches to understanding behavior frequently rely on tautological statements in which the supposed explanation of the behavior is simply a restated description of the behavior. Often referred to as circular reasoning, the mentalistic cause and effect are not independent of one another (Baum, 2005; Vargas, 2013). For example, a child may be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) because he or she exhibits weak communication and social skills, and engages in a particular repertoire of restrictive and repetitive behaviors. These problem behaviors are then said to be caused by the child's autism. Rather than identifying the contingencies of reinforcement maintaining the problem behavior, a hypothetical construct - in this case a diagnosis - has been created to explain it.Moore (2012) describes how mentalisms are shaped through an overextension of verbal behavior. He notes that the adverb intelligently is initially used to describe a highly effective behavioral repertoire, but later derived into the noun form, intelligence. This relatively minor change in semantics has profound implications - in the present case, a fictitious attribute residing within the individual and often credited with causality for the behavioral repertoire. In this same manner, Drash and Tudor (2004) pragmatically approach behavior as a particular pattern of responding that results from a contingency-shaped disorder of verbal behavior, and from which other problem behaviors are derived. Sigafoos, Arthur, and O'Reilly (2003) further observe that individuals at the severe end of the autism spectrum also tend to have disproportionately high rates of challenging behavior (e.g., aggression, self-injury, and tantruming among others) when compared with individuals with other intellectual disabilities and delays. Thus, according to Drash and Tudor's (2004) analysis, differentially reinforcing the individual's verbal repertoire would correspondingly weaken the frequency of both autistic and other challenging behaviors. However, when the adverb is derived into an attribute of the individual (i.e., autism), the recommendations for treatment are obfuscated.Reimers, Wacker, Derby, & Cooper (1995) identified a significant, negative correlation between parents' ratings of physiological attributions of their children with behavior problems and the acceptability of behavioral treatments. That is, the more they attributed challenging behavior to the child (as opposed to the environment), the more likely they were to dismiss behavior analytic intervention. Such representationalism becomes problematic when attention shifts to food sensitivities, toxins, sensory dysregulation, or neuro-chemical imbalances conjectured to be responsible for the child's autism, rather than examining the contingencies maintaining the problem behavior. …" @default.
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• W2341036281 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W2341036281 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2341036281 title "Mentalistic Explanations for Autistic Behavior: A Behavioral Phenomenological Analysis" @default.
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