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• W2341334447 abstract "Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of metals and alloys in aqueous environments is primarily an electrochemical phenomenon falling within the realm of the differential aeration hypothesis. As such, the local anode and the local cathode are spatially separated, with the former existing within the crack enclave (at the crack tip and, possibly, partially on the crack flanks) and the latter existing on the bold, external surfaces. The resulting current that flows from the local anode to the local cathode on the external surfaces (the “coupling current”), as required by the conservation of charge, implies strong electrochemical coupling between the crack internal environment and external surfaces. The coupling current has been experimentally measured in a variety of systems, including in the intergranular SCC (IGSCC) of sensitized type 304 stainless steel (SS) in high-temperature water. Furthermore, crack length is predicted theoretically to exert a strong influence on the crack growth rate (CGR) of stress corrosion cracks because, as the crack grows, a larger fraction of the potential drop between the crack tip and the external surface appears as IR potential drop down the crack, and hence less potential drop is available across the external surface to drive the reactions that consume the coupling current. Consequently, the magnitude of the coupling current is reduced as the crack lengthens, and hence so is the CGR. Thus, the dependence of the CGR on the electrochemical crack length provides a rational explanation for the development of semielliptical surface cracks—an alternative to the normally postulated dependence of the CGR on the stress intensity factor along the semielliptical crack front. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) has been used to analyze a comprehensive database of IGSCC in sensitized type 304 SS in boiling water reactor (BWR) primary coolant and to define the “character” of the fracture process, which is defined in terms of the dependencies of the CGR on the various independent variables (temperature, electrochemical corrosion potential, stress intensity ( K I ), conductivity ( κ ), degree of sensitization). The character shows that IGSCC in sensitized type 304 SS in BWR primary coolant is primarily an electrochemical process that is augmented by mechanics and metallurgy, but in the case of IGSCC in Alloy 600 in pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary coolant, fracture is marginally more mechanical in character than electrochemical. Development of a database of CGR versus temperature, electrochemical corrosion potential, stress intensity ( K I ), conductivity ( κ ), and degree of sensitization for these alloys covering the same parameter ranges present in the experimental database, and analysis of these data using the same ANN, shows that the coupled environment fracture model reproduces the same character and is an accurate predictor of CGR for all conditions found in operating BWRs and PWRs." @default.
• W2341334447 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2341334447 creator A5041776119 @default.
• W2341334447 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W2341334447 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2341334447 title "The electrochemical nature of stress corrosion cracking" @default.
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• W2341334447 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100049-6.00006-9" @default.
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