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- W2341576348 abstract "Blust (1998, 2003, 2009) proposes to reconstruct two sets of numerals in PAN: the first is said to be underived and used for serial counting; the second is derived from the first through Careduplication and is used to count humans. The aim of the present paper is to reassess the reconstruction of numerals from 20-90 in PAN and discuss the use of Careduplication as a primary device to indicate a human distinction at the PAN level. We argue that in the Formosan languages, there is a dichotomy between two sets of numeral forms, i.e. free vs. bound numerals; both sets must be reconstructed in PAN. Under 10, all numerals are free forms; bound and free numerals may occur together to form higher numerals. This hypothesis leads us to reassess the formation of numerals from 20-90 in PAN. While Blust (1998, 2003, 2009) proposes to reconstruct *ma-puSaN as ‘20’, we show that *puSashould actually be reconstructed as a bound form meaning ‘2’ equivalent to the free form *duSa. It combines with PAN *ma‘multiple of tens’ and *-N ‘recurrence’ as *ma-puSa-N ‘20’. A similar pattern applies to all numerals up to 90. We further show that the core meaning of Careduplication is iterativity but has extended into marking plurality. Careduplication can be used to indicate [+human] in numerals from 1-9 but this feature might be treated as an epiphenomenon of plural marking." @default.
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- W2341576348 date "2010-10-01" @default.
- W2341576348 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2341576348 title "Reconstruction of '2' in PAN and Related Issues *" @default.
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