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• W2342249547 abstract "Polianthes tuberosa is a commercially valuable flower crop in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam that is propagated by the harvesting and planting of bulbs. The cultivation of P. tuberosa is complicated by an endemic nematode infection that damages a high proportion of the plants. Based on morphological criteria and ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we have determined that the infection is caused by an Aphelenchoides sp. nematode and is most likely Aphelenchoides besseyi. By scoring various parts of harvested plants with flowers for the presence of viable nematodes over a period of six months, we determined that the nematode is an ectoparasite that can survive the intercrop periods, especially in the bulbs that are used to plant new crops. A comparison of farming practices in the Mekong Delta failed to identify useful control methods, but rather indicated that fields that have cultivated P. tuberosa for the longest periods suffer the worst damage from the nematode infection. Finally, we demonstrated that the nematode is capable of infecting 30 rice cultivars but does not cause the tip disease usually associated with A. besseyi infection. Polianthes tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 316 is a bulb crop usually grown for its meter-long flower spikes that pro- duce some 20 fragrant florets (Morris, 1984; Hux- ley et al., 1992). The culture of Polianthes dates back to the Aztecs in Mexico, who used the essential oil of the plant to flavor chocolate. The plant is said to be among the first plants to be taken back to the Old World by the Spanish; P. tuberosa was among the plants included in the garden of a well-known Sevilian physician, Simon Tovar, who died in 1596 (Morris, 1984). The blooms open from the bottom up and can last up to two weeks if the stems are recut periodically. In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, P. tuberosa is today a symbol of purity and spirituality and is grown commercially for cut flowers used in temples and pagodas in the worship of ances- tors during weddings or funerals. Many farmers dedi- cate up to a quarter of their land to its culture, often in intercropping or rotation with rice or vegetables. The crop is highly valuable, fetching as much as 10 times the value of a rice crop over a given area. Unfortunately, the culture of Poliantes tuberosa is a risky business in the Mekong Delta; more often than not, the crop is severely damaged or completely destroyed by nematodes of the genus Aphelenchoides. Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie is one of the best known members of its genus because it causes white tip dis- ease in rice (Fortuner and Orton Williams, 1975; Nandakumar et al., 1975; OEPP/EPPO, 2004). In rice, A. besseyi is an ectoparasite that enters the florets and reproduces sexually with a generation time of about 10 days at 25°C; the nematodes then desiccate and survive anhydrobiotically as adults and fourth-stage juveniles for up to several months or years within seeds. Typi- cally, the nematodes revive and emerge to attack the seedlings when the seeds are soaked in water to start a new crop. We report the first results of a study funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency that aims to control nematode damage on P. tuberosa in the Mekong Delta. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency with which P. tuberosa crops are infested with nematodes in the Mekong Delta, to identify the responsible nematode, and to determine its sites and duration of persistence." @default.
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• W2342249547 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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• W2342249547 title "An Aphelenchoides sp. nematode Parasitic of Polianthes tuberosa in the" @default.
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