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- W2344006060 abstract "The Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is an established optical source in short-distance optical communication links, computer mice and tailored infrared power heating systems. Its low power consumption, easy integration into two-dimensional arrays, and low-cost manufacturing also make this type of semiconductor laser suitable for application in areas such as high-resolution printing, medical applications, and general lighting. However, these applications require emission wavelengths in the blue-UV instead of the established infrared regime, which can be achieved by using GaN-based instead of GaAs-based materials. The development of GaN-based VCSELs is challenging, but during recent years several groups have managed to demonstrate electrically pumped GaN-based VCSELs with close to 1 mW of optical output power and threshold current densities between 3-16 kA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The performance is limited by challenges such as achieving high-reflectivity mirrors, vertical and lateral carrier confinement, efficient lateral current spreading, accurate cavity length control and lateral optical mode confinement. This paper summarizes different strategies to solve these issues in electrically pumped GaN-VCSELs together with state-of-the-art results. We will highlight our work on combined transverse current and optical mode confinement, where we show that many structures used for current confinement result in unintentionally optically anti-guided resonators. Such resonators can have a very high optical loss, which easily doubles the threshold gain for lasing. We will also present an alternative to the use of distributed Bragg reflectors as high-reflectivity mirrors, namely TiO<sub>2</sub>/air high contrast gratings (HCGs). Fabricated HCGs of this type show a high reflectivity (>95%) over a 25 nm wavelength span." @default.
- W2344006060 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2344006060 creator A5005125545 @default.
- W2344006060 creator A5006094937 @default.
- W2344006060 creator A5023201930 @default.
- W2344006060 creator A5024979779 @default.
- W2344006060 creator A5050205611 @default.
- W2344006060 creator A5080929272 @default.
- W2344006060 creator A5090857198 @default.
- W2344006060 date "2016-04-28" @default.
- W2344006060 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W2344006060 title "Progress and challenges in electrically pumped GaN-based VCSELs" @default.
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